The information in this section of this Web page has been discovered from years of my personal experiences with Earthquake Precursors and from innumerable discussions with other earthquake researchers.

       Some earthquake researchers are aware of this information.  But many or most seem to be totally unaware of the importance of clearly discussing this information when they talk about earthquake forecasting with government officials, with news service personnel, and with the general public.

       It is especially important that news service personnel read this present section of this Web page and develop a good understanding of what is being discussed here.  They should then be able to explain this information to their readers and viewers.

Earthquake Forecasting Myths And Frequently Quoted But Dangerously Inaccurate Beliefs

Earthquakes - Tectonic Plate Movements - Tectonic Plate "Speed Bumps"
The Migration Of Strain Energy From One Earthquake Fault Zone To Another
Illuminating Disaster Affected Areas Through The Use Of Earth Orbiting Mirrors


HOW  TO  GET  THINGS  MOVING  RIGHT  NOW  !!!
By Creating An Earthquake Related Disaster Mitigation Nonprofit Foundation


CLOSING  COMMENTS


PRELIMINARY  NOTES  FOR  WEB  PAGE  VISITORS

       Experienced earthquake forecasting researchers should find that is is not too difficult to understand most of the information on this Web page.  However, they might find it difficult to find enough free time to read through all of this information.  And, these discussions represent just a fraction of the information that is presently available.

      Other Web page visitors might be expecting that this Web page is announcing that some major new and revolutionary earthquake forecasting technology has been developed.  That isn't the case.  Nor is it the intent of this Web page to propose that that has happened.  Most of the forecasting technologies discussed on this Web page have been in existence for years or even decades.

       On the other hand, the concepts involved with the powerful Multiple Earthquake Precursors Data Evaluation Forecasting Method would probably be new to even experienced earthquake forecasting researchers.

       This Web page is intended to provide verifiable Proof that earthquakes can be predicted and also proof that at least some of them are actually being predicted.  And it offers detailed recommendations for governments and major nongovernmental organizations to consider regarding what might be done to get the critically important science of earthquake forecasting moving along at a faster pace.

HOW  TO  TRANSLATE  THIS  WEB  PAGE  TO  A  DIFFERENT  LANGUAGE

EM Signal Matches With Earthquakes That Occurred After The Signals Were Detected

       The different line peak shapes of the March 16 and March 29 earthquakes indicate that they were each probably triggered by different sun and moon gravity related forces.

       The fact that there is a strong line peak just to the east of the March 29 earthquake longitude indicate that it was probably triggered by the sun and moon gravity related forces that are responsible for the triggering of many or most of the past earthquakes that occurred at that longitude.

       The similar line shapes between the EM Signals and the earthquakes indicate to me that the EM Signals could probably have been used to tell that those PNG area earthquakes were approaching.

        The table below shows matches between the EM 5 signal detected on March 12, 2015 and all 7 and higher magnitude earthquakes that occurred since the start of 1973.

     It is significant that both the # 1 highest probability and 14th highest probability locations in the table are relatively close to the location where the March 16 and 29 earthquakes occurred.

7 And Higher Magnitude Earthquake Matches For The 2015/03/12 11:16:00 EM 5 Signal

 Pa  Pd  Fatal  Earthquake Data

 86             1995/08/16 23:10:23  5.77S 154.30E  33 7.2

 83             2012/04/11 10:43:10  0.80N  92.46E  25 8.2 OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATERA
 83  99      1  1993/09/10 19:12:54 14.72N  92.60W  34 7.3
 80             1975/06/29 10:37:41 38.73N 130.09E 556 7.1 Sea of Japan
 79  95     15  1979/09/12 05:17:56  1.69S 135.97E  20 7.5 Biak region, Indonesia
 79  94     33  1999/09/30 16:31:13 16.15N  96.71W  33 7.5Ms A  OAXACA, MEXICO
 78             2011/08/20 16:55:03 18.26S 168.06E  41 7.1 VANUATU
 74             1984/10/15 10:21:08 15.87S 173.56W 127 7.1 Tonga
 71             2013/10/25 17:10:18 37.15N 144.68E  26 7.1 Off the east coast of Honshu, Japan
 67             1988/02/05 14:01:04 24.79S  70.48W  37 7.2 Antofagasta, Chile
 64             2003/11/17 06:43:06 51.33N 178.64E  33 7.8 RAT ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
 63             2013/09/25 16:42:43 15.84S  74.51W  40 7.1 46km SSE of Acari, Peru
 63             1981/12/26 17:05:31 29.94S 177.65W  21 7.1 Kermadec Islands, New Zealand

 63             1995/08/16 10:27:28  5.80S 154.10E  30 7.8

 62             1992/07/18 08:36:58 39.42N 143.30E  28 7.0
 59             1983/12/02 03:09:03 14.06N  91.91W  35 7.0 offshore Guatemala
 58             2004/12/26 04:21:29  6.88N  92.93E  40 7.1 NICOBAR ISLANDS, INDIA REGION
 58             17Mar2003  16:36:17 51.3 N 177.8 E  33 7.4 M*GSR RAT ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN
 58             1981/05/25 05:25:12 48.72S 164.65E  11 7.6 off the west coast of the South Island of New Zealand
 58  69     35  1988/08/06 00:36:26 25.09N  95.11E  90 7.3 Myanmar

        The plot below is a gravimeter-related gravity strength plot generated by another earthquake researcher.  The actual location of the gravity meter is not known to me.  But information associated with the plot stated that the gravity of the rock mass started increasing at the beginning of March and continued doing that until the end of March when the 7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake occurred.  The gravity then began to decrease.  That then resulted in rock layer stress in Central Europe decreasing.

       The earthquake forecasting program being discussed in this section could probably be created and run by any major world government or nongovernmental organization.   However, for a number of reasons including the following ones, the United Nations might be the most appropriate organization to run or at least monitor and help support the program's operations.

First  -  U.N. personnel are in constant contact with all world governments.

Second -  U.N. personnel might find it easiest to raise the funds needed to run the program.

       The United Nations might be the organization that would have the easiest time raising funds for creating and running this proposed earthquake forecasting program.  This is because unexpected,  highly destructive earthquakes directly or indirectly affect the economy of every nation.  And so, many world governments might be willing to provide the U.N. with funding assistance if U.N. personnel could demonstrate to them that there is a good chance that U.N.-related personnel could actually create and run an effective earthquake forecasting program.


       As far as I can tell, at this time there are no organizations that are actively looking for, collecting, and evaluating all, or even many, of the tremendous number of high quality Earthquake Precursor data that are available from sources around the world.  As a consequence there appear to be very few if any effective earthquake warnings being generated or circulated by government agencies, independent groups, or individual earthquake forecasters.

For one example,

       My own May 8, 2015 internationally circulated warning for a possible significant earthquake aftershock for the destructive April 25, 2015 earthquake in Nepal, discussed in the Aftershocks section of this Web page, did not appear to accomplish anything.

       The warning was, I believe, seen by Nepal Government officials plus some international disaster mitigation groups including a few U.S. Government officials.  But there were no organizations in existence that had the ability to accurately evaluate and effectively react to the warning.

       The expected Nepal aftershock occurred on May 12, 2015, four days after my aftershock warning was circulated.  As far as I can tell, people living in Nepal who needed to know about the aftershock's approach were unaware that the aftershock was about to occur.  And without their receiving a warning regarding its approach, when it did occur it was highly destructive.

         For two other examples,

       First, my data indicate to me that the following extremely powerful and destructive March 11, 2011 Japan area earthquake was generating distinct EM Signals for a good nine months before it occurred:

2011/03/11 05:46:24 38.30N 142.34E  32 9.0 Japan Area

       Second, clear EM Signals were being generated for perhaps a year and a half before the following destructive September 16, 2015 Chile area earthquake:

2015/09/16 22:54:33 31.57S  71.65W  25 8.3 "46km W of Illapel, Chile"

       As the Elusive and Deceptive Earthquake Precursors section of this Web page explains, earthquake precursor data can be highly complex, elusive, and deceptive.  And at this time, perhaps the only organization that might have the necessary resources to be able to effectively collect and process all of those precursor data would be a special earthquake forecasting group that would be created by the United Nations.

       Efforts by the United Nations or any other organization to create an earthquake forecasting group would have to be carefully done for a variety of reasons.  For one, as stated earlier in this section, the powerful and destructive September 16, 2015 earthquake in the Chile area appears to have been generating strong warning signals for a good year and a half before it finally occurred.  So, forecasting personnel would need to be sufficiently skilled at interpreting the earthquake precursor data that they could accurately determine when that earthquake was actually going to occur rather than have people in some fault zone area sleeping in tents for more than a year.

        Another problem, one that many earthquake researchers are likely not aware of is the fact, believed by some researchers including me, that solar and geomagnetic storms can have an impact on the time when earthquakes are going to occur.  Earthquakes occurrence times are not always associated only with the slow movement of tectonic plates relative to one another.

       There would undoubtedly be many other problems associated with having a United Nations-related group attempt to forecast earthquakes.  But, if no efforts are ever made to create such a forecasting group then it might be quite a few years before we will be able to effectively predict and then warn people about approaching earthquakes.

       Briefly, to tell when a significant earthquake is going to occur, and to warn people about its approach, two things are needed:

First  -  There have to be Earthquake Precursor data available that can accurately indicate that the significant earthquake is approaching.

Second  -  There need to be some people who can evaluate those data and circulate a timely warning for the expected earthquake.

        The following are explanations for how earthquake precursor data could be collected and how effective earthquake warnings could be circulated.


       There are a large number of Earthquake Forecasting Methods in existence that are already generating useful earthquake precursor data.  Several of them plus some proposed new methods are already being or are scheduled to be discussed on this Web page.

       United Nations personnel might be able to collect or generate some precursor data themselves.  But they would probably have to obtain most of their precursor data from various government agencies, earthquake research groups, and independent researchers around the world.

       Initially at least, United Nations program personnel might have the best success if they paid earthquake  researchers around the world to send them precursor data.

       Some earthquake forecasters would probably be willing to send United Nations personnel their earthquake precursor data for free because they are concerned about the many lives that can be lost during unexpected, powerful earthquakes.  My own precursor data are available for free for anyone to use.

       Most, if not all, earthquake researchers would probably be willing to send United Nations personnel their earthquake precursor data if they were being paid for their efforts.

       There are so many different types of precursor data available from various sources that the data collection process would likely need to be automated to some degree.  For example, as proposed in the Internet Web-Based Earthquake Forecasting Method section of this Web page, data could be sent to some Web site run by the United Nations.  If U.N. personnel were to attempt to collect the data through telephone conversations etc. they would likely be quickly overwhelmed by the sheer volume of data.

       Fortunately, earthquake precursor data collection efforts would likely be easier and less expensive these days than in years past.  That is because many precursor data can be automatically collected and evaluated by computer analyses of readily available Earth-orbiting satellite data.


       From a technical point of view, this would be the most difficult part of running the earthquake forecasting program.

       As explained in the Elusive and Deceptive Nature Of Earthquake Precursors section of this Web page, it can at times be difficult to accurately determine what earthquake precursor data are saying with regard to when and where an earthquake is going to occur.  However, data that I have seen from various researchers indicate to me that there are sufficient amounts of different types of precursor data available that it should be possible to eventually learn how to compare those data and accurately forecast a good percentage of our significant earthquakes.

       As one of the following sections of this Web page explains, the task of evaluating the precursor data would be so complex that it might require the efforts of as many as 30 full-time United Nations earthquake forecasters plus support staff.  During those evaluation processes U.N. personnel would be constantly exchanging data with and working with government agency personnel, with nongovernmental organization personnel, and with independent earthquake researchers around the world.


        When their analyses of earthquake precursor data indicated that it was necessary, United Nations earthquake forecasting program personnel would prepare earthquake warnings for use by U.N. disaster mitigation groups, and for circulation to other disaster mitigation organizations, governments, other earthquake forecasting groups, individual earthquake researchers, and the general public.

       Different types and amounts of information sent to the various organizations, groups, individuals, and the general public would be formatted differently depending on what was appropriate for each group etc. to receive.

       For example, warning information circulated to the general public would usually be dramatically different than the information circulated to earthquake forecasting groups.  Warnings sent to the forecasting groups would contain more technical types of information.

       An important point that is explained in more detail in the Myth # 3 part of the Earthquake Forecasting Myths section of this Web page is that contrary to what many scientists seem to believe, any accurate and reliable information regarding an approaching earthquake can be invaluable.  United Nations earthquake forecasting program personnel would not need to wait until they had exact details for when, where, and how powerful an expected earthquake was going to be before circulating warning data regarding its approach.


        When appropriate, U.N. forecasting program personnel would circulate earthquake warning information to disaster mitigation organizations, governments, other earthquake forecasting groups, individual earthquake researchers around the world, and the general public.

        Warning information would be circulated through a variety of resources including Internet Web sites, E-mail letters, Fax communications, by telephone when necessary, and even in surface mail letters.


       United Nations personnel would work with governments and nongovernmental organizations around the world to secure the necessary funding to create and run this proposed earthquake forecasting program.


       Collecting and processing earthquake precursor data appears to be a task that is so complex and one that requires so much time and effort that as proposed earlier on this Web page, it might take as many as 30 full-time earthquake forecasters plus support staff to get the job done.

Just to have some numbers to work with:

       Perhaps a salary plus expenses such as future retirement pay for one earthquake forecaster might be $100,000 U.S. per year.  So, it would cost 3 million dollars a year, U.S., to have 30 professional forecasters working in this proposed program.

       The extremely powerful March 11, 2011 Japan earthquake was reportedly the most expensive natural disaster in history.  Estimates such as the ones in the following reports that I have seen proposed that the earthquake resulted in as much as 300 billion dollars, U.S., in damage.

https://uk.news.yahoo.com/2011-japan-earthquake-tsunami-facts-100933886.html

https://uk.news.yahoo.com/2011-earthquake-tsunami-60-powerful-photos-disaster-hit-141113782.html

       It would be perfectly reasonable to expect that far more than 3 billion dollars worth of damage might have been avoided had that earthquake been accurately predicted and prepared for.

And so,

       That possible 3 billion dollars in savings for just that one earthquake could have funded this proposed 3 million dollars per year United Nations earthquake forecasting program for a thousand years!

       For an example of how tremendous amounts of money might have been saved with just that one earthquake,

       Had people known that the earthquake was about to occur, all of Japan’s nuclear power plants could have all been put into an inactive state.  And the one that eventually suffered extensive damage including at least one reactor core meltdown might have survived relatively intact.  Instead there was widespread land radiation contamination and one or more radiation-contaminated water releases to the ocean.

       That nuclear power plant meltdown's consequences were also not just limited to Japan.

       The extensive damage that the nuclear power plant and surrounding area suffered might possibly have dealt an almost fatal blow to the international nuclear power industry!


       This would be one of the most difficult steps related to making this earthquake forecasting program a success.

       As explained elsewhere on this Web page, perhaps the main thing that has held back the development of earthquake forecasting programs over the centuries has been governments’ and earthquake forecasters’ fears associated with the consequences of circulating inaccurate earthquake forecasts.

       When government officials become aware that an earthquake could be about to occur at some location they have an obligation to protect people living in that area.  And part of that obligation could at times involve the evacuation of an entire city.

       If the expected earthquake did not then occur after some city were evacuated, its residents would be understandably upset.  And since at the present time, it is generally not possible to state with 100% certainty that an earthquake will occur at some location, in my opinion, governments etc. have mistakenly chosen to listen to members of the internationals scientific community who keep insisting that that “Earthquakes can’t be predicted.”  Our governments have apparently not made much of an effort to learn how to make effective use of available earthquake precursor data or how to circulate and respond to earthquake warning information.

       In order for this proposed earthquake forecasting program to be a success the earthquake forecasters running it would need to work with disaster mitigation organizations, governments, earthquake forecasting groups, individual earthquake researchers, and the general public so that all of them would know what they needed to do in response to an earthquake warning.

       That would take a lot of work.  But it is something that needs to be done.


       It is primarily the responsibility of governments and disaster mitigation groups to learn how to respond to earthquake warnings.  However, United Nations personnel should develop their own versions of a variety of disaster mitigation plans that would enable people to prepare themselves for an approaching earthquake.

       That would then enable U.N. forecasting personnel to better communicate directly with the general public.  And having developed those types of plans U.N. personnel could provide recommendations to governments and to disaster mitigation groups etc. regarding how governments etc. might best respond to earthquake warnings.

       The picture file shown below demonstrates how a global Disaster Response System run by the United Nations might work.  I proposed years ago that such a system should be developed.

       Powerful Internet Server-based computers would constantly collect disaster-related information from around the world.  When a destructive earthquake occurred, computer programs running on those servers would instantly formulate and circulate detailed disaster response plans.

       One of the major advantages of Internet Server-based disaster response computer programs is the fact that even when the Internet servers in some country were disabled by an earthquake, servers located in other countries could instantly and automatically take over the job of formulating and circulating disaster response plans.



       United Nations earthquake forecasting personnel would need to work with government, research group, and independent earthquake forecasters around the world in efforts to develop more accurate, more reliable, and more productive earthquake forecasting technologies.

       When appropriate, the United Nations would make research and development grant money available to various earthquake researchers.  Also when appropriate, United Nations would simply pay researchers through formal contracts to develop certain types of earthquake forecasting technologies.


       The history of the human race is littered with the remains of earthquake forecasting programs that failed.  And at least in modern times, many and perhaps most of them failed for the following reason:

       The people running the earthquake forecasting programs decided somewhat arbitrarily that they were not going to consider the possible value of various types of Earthquake Precursor data.

       The primary goal in developing earthquake forecasting programs should be saving lives.  And if earthquake researchers can make a profit for themselves while doing that then I myself don't see a problem with that.  But the goal of saving lives has to come before the goal of making a profit.

       People who try to create and run effective earthquake forecasting programs need to consider the potential value of any type of precursor data that is legally available to them even when their personal preferences or logic might discourage them from attempting to evaluate those types of data.

       Forecasting program personnel are unfortunately often unwilling to do that.  This is a widespread, chronic problem that can and probably often does eventually results in the failure of a given forecasting program.  The earthquake warning data being generated by the program are never sufficiently accurate.  No one will support the program.  The people running it fail financially.  And the program is finally abandoned.

       The earthquake precursor data need to "speak" for themselves.  If certain types of precursor data are useless then that will eventually become apparent.  When an earthquake researcher decides that he or she will not even consider certain types of data for personal or logical reasons then he or she might at the same time be dooming his or her efforts to failure.

       This matter is being emphasized in this section of this report because United Nations personnel attempting to create and run an earthquake forecasting program would automatically be put under a considerable amount of pressure from the international scientific community aimed at getting them to refuse to consider evaluating certain types of precursor data such as the following ones.

       Considering the amount of damage that a powerful earthquake could do here in the United States, one would think that the U.S. Government would be anxious to develop the type of forecasting program that I am proposing the United Nations should develop.  However, that does not appear to me to be the case.  In all of the contacts that I myself have had with U.S. Government personnel they seemed to me to be highly resistant to the idea of developing any effective earthquake forecasting programs.

       For example, the U.S. Geological Survey agency is part of the U.S. Department of the Interior.  And years ago I wrote to the U.S. Secretary of the Interior and stated that my data were indicating that certain types of electromagnetic energy field fluctuations might be good indicators of approaching earthquake activity.  The formal written response that I eventually received stated that "You have to Prove in published papers accepted by the scientific community that earthquakes can be predicted before we will pay any attention to what you are telling us."

       Other communications that I have had with U.S. Government personnel and communications that other people have had with them have resulted in somewhat similar responses.

       What those types of responses indicate to me is that the attitude of U.S. Government officials is that in spite of the chaos and destruction a powerful earthquake could cause here in the U.S., government officials have relatively little intention of spending substantial amounts of time, money, and effort on attempts to determine if earthquakes can be predicted.

       I don't know if the U.S. Government could actually run an effective earthquake forecasting data evaluation program because of all of the politics that would be associated with such a program.  Perhaps it would be possible to get them to run some tests on specific types of forecasting technologies such as that Sun Shadow based method discussed on this Web page, or a program that makes use of the types of EM Signals that I myself work with.

       Of the various world governments and government scientists that I have personally had any direct or indirect contact with, I have found that India Government officials and scientists seem to be the most interested in developing earthquake forecasting programs.  They have also in my experience been the most open to unconventional ideas such as working with astrologers who might be interested in attempting to predict earthquakes.

       However, there is something that can hinder efforts to develop earthquake forecasting technologies in India and most other countries.  And that is the fact that earthquakes do not occur that often in a given area in India and elsewhere.

       When developing technologies such as ones used to predict earthquakes it can be easier when there are large numbers of earthquakes (or whatever) in a specific area during a relatively short period of time.  That makes it easier to determine which technologies will work and which ones are not worth the effort.  If the people attempting to develop a particular forecasting method have to wait ten years for an earthquake to occur so that they can see if the method works then they are likely not going to get too much accomplished in a short period of time.

       For the reasons listed below:

       Perhaps the best place to work for people who wish to test their earthquake forecasting methods would be in Japan.

---  Earthquakes of various magnitudes occur constantly in the Japan area.  So, there can be almost limitless numbers of opportunities there to see if a given earthquake forecasting method has a chance of working.

---  Virtually every type of earthquake occurs in the Japan area.  That includes ones that are associated with tectonic plates that are attempting to slip sideways past one another and ones that are associated with tectonic plates that are colliding with one another.  So, there is the opportunity to see if a given forecasting method will work for those different types of earthquakes.

---  In the Japan area there are inland earthquakes and ones that occur out in the ocean.  So a given forecasting method could be tested to see if it would work for earthquakes occurring in both locations.  Some methods would probably not work with earthquakes that occur far out at sea.

---  Japan is a technologically developed nation.  And earthquake researchers working there would have easy access to electric power, to the Internet, and to transportation resources.  In contrast, it can be difficult to get permission to freely enter or leave some countries.  In other cases, even being in a given country at the wrong time could be dangerous for earthquake researchers.

---  Since earthquakes occurring in the Japan area can be so destructive it would seem logical to me at least that Japan Government officials would be supportive of efforts made by visiting researchers who were attempting to develop earthquake forecasting technologies.

       If other earthquake researchers agree that it would seem logical to see if various forecasting methods will work in the Japan area then I would be interested in hearing from them.  Additionally, researchers might want to contact Japan Government officials directly and recommend that they attempt to encourage researchers to visit Japan and see if various forecasting methods will work for detecting the approach of Japan area earthquakes.

       Some groups and individuals doing earthquake forecasting work are not presently active on the Internet.  Their data are often being circulated by E-mail.

       The following sections of this Breakthroughs Web page provide some details regarding existing or proposed formal or informal earthquake forecasting programs.

       So many different types of earthquake forecasting methods have now been developed that not only would it be impossible to discuss them all here, it is not even possible to keep track of how many have been developed.  Just a relatively small number of them are being reviewed on this Web page.  A number of others are discussed on the NCGT Journal Earthquake Precursor Data Web page.  Information regarding many other forecasting methods can be found in the literature and through Internet searches.

       An EM Signal based forecasting method is being discussed first so that people can become familiar with the subject of Predicting Earthquake Aftershocks, something that is already being done to some extent through the use of that forecasting method.

        This part of this Web page contains information regarding a complex earthquake forecasting method that is largely based on the detection and evaluation of certain unusual electromagnetic energy types of signals (EM Signals).  Most often the EM Signals have durations of only about 20 seconds.

       The following Web pages were created in part so that people around the world could use the data generated in connection with this forecasting method to predict their own earthquakes, especially earthquake aftershocks:  Data.html  Data-2.html  Data-3.html

        Those Web pages are also intended to provide earthquake researchers around the world with unique types of data regarding events that are taking place in earthquake fault zones around the world both before and after the times when significant earthquakes occur.

        Theories associated with this forecasting method are discussed in this first part of this Web page section.  The second part explains how to interpret the earthquake forecasting computer program-generated data.  And the third part discusses extensions of this forecasting method that should make it possible to use the method to generate more accurate and timely earthquake forecasting data.

       With time, additional information will likely be added to this EM Signal-related section of this Web page.

       Theories that are presently being evaluated propose that the EM Signals that I am personally working with are associated with temporary, strong fluctuations in the Earth's geomagnetic energy field.  And as the chart below shows, NOAA data are supportive of that.  This chart has been copied from the http://www.earthquake-research.com/archive/2015-03-29-PNG.html Web page that discusses links between earthquakes and a number of earthquake precursors.

       A high intensity EM Signal was detected at 2015/02/28 17:53:00 UTC, the same time that the chart shows that there was a geomagnetic storm alert (See the red K = 4 rectangle).


       However, in contrast, quite often, strong EM Signals are still being detected when there is no geomagnetic storm activity.

        The times when some of the EM Signals that I work with will be detected can be predicted by examining the following Web page.

http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/space-weather-advisory-outlook

       Apparently, when certain types of solar storm energy hit the Earth their energy can cause earthquake fault zone activity in areas where earthquakes are getting ready to occur to result in some of these EM Signals being generated.

       It is not presently known by me how widespread the EM Signal-related geomagnetic energy field fluctuations are.  Although these particular EM Signals can apparently be detected before powerful earthquakes occurring around the world including ones occurring deep under the ocean floor, there are no data available regarding whether or not the energy field fluctuations are confined to certain parts of the world at a given time such as along certain latitude or longitude lines, or if they can be detected at all locations around the world at the same time.

        These EM Signals appear to also at times have strong links with volcano activity.  EM Signals associated with volcano activity appear to be stronger than ones associated with approaching earthquake related activities.

       Theories being presently evaluated propose that the EM Signals are being generated when the rock layers in earthquake fault zones undergo abrupt, temporary changes in their electrical resistance.  During perhaps a 20 second period of time, energy stored in or above the atmosphere, at times associated with solar and geomagnetic storms, pours into the earthquake fault zone over a wide area resulting in the geomagnetic energy field disturbances.

       Those events can be thought of as something like a very wide diameter bolt of lighting.

       Competing theories propose that the geomagnetic energy field disturbances actually result from underground electric currents circulating through the fault zones.  And atmospheric processes etc. above the fault zone are not originally responsible for those currents.  Another, dramatically different EM Signal generation theory is also being evaluated.  It is not being discussed here.  It is still in the development stages.

       It is presently believed by me that the atmospheric sources of energy mechanism is likely the primary one for these EM Signals.

       My data indicate to me that these EM Signals are being generated before most or all of the powerful earthquakes that are occurring around the world.  And it might be possible to use triangulation technology to tell exactly where the signals have their origins.  That information would likely then enable us to reliably detect the approach of many of our significant earthquakes making this particular forecasting method perhaps the most powerful and useful forecasting method in existence.

        The following two computer program-generated charts show the potential importance of these EM Signals.  The charts display some of the signals that were detected before two fairly recent, incredibly destructive earthquakes.  EM 9 would be the highest intensity EM Signal.

       The similar line shapes between the earthquakes and the EM Signals are likely indicating that these signals were pointing to the approach of both earthquakes for months before either of them occurred.  Had it been possible at those times to more accurately interpret the EM Signals and warn people about the approach of the earthquakes, tremendous numbers of lives might have been saved.

       The first chart is for the January 12, 2010 Haiti earthquake.  Two additional significant earthquakes have been added to the chart to show that the EM Signals did not match either of them.

2010/01/12 21:53:10  18.45N  72.44W  10  7.0 Haiti Region

       The detection of the high intensity January 11, 2010 EM Signal would be consistent with the detection of strong EM Signals on the morning of the earthquake by the Earthquake Sensitive Haiti resident.


       The chart below is for the equally destructive December 26, 2004 Indonesia earthquake.

2004/12/26 00:58:53  3.30N  95.87E  30  9.0 Indonesia

       Although the Line #s 6 and 7 EM Signal line shapes are not high quality matches for the earthquake, the signals were detected during the 24 hour time period before the earthquake occurred.  And that suggests to me that they were likely associated with the earthquake's approach.


      As another chart on this Web page shows, EM Signals were being detected for about a year and a half before the 8.3 magnitude September 16, 2015 Chile area earthquake.  And a different type of EM Signal was being detected for a good nine months before the 9.0 magnitude March 11, 2011 Japan earthquake.

       Unfortunately, I myself do not have any scientific instrumentation capable of doing the type of triangulation work that might make it possible to determine where the EM Signals have their origins.  Instead as the above charts show, I am using complex probability-related computer programs to compare sun and moon gravity-related forces existing at the times when EM Signals are detected, with similar data for past earthquakes.  When those computer programs are able to match an EM Signal with a past earthquake then that can be an indicator that another earthquake is getting ready to occur at that same location.

       That probability-related computer program approach to determining where the EM Signals have their points of origin does produce some accurate and useful results, especially with the detection of approaching earthquake aftershocks.

       Additional information regarding the nature of these EM Signals can be found on http://www.earthquake-research.com/eqf/Charts.html, Data.html, Earthquake Triggering, Earthquake Precursor Signal Generation, and Earthquake Sensitivity Theory Pictures, and other Web pages.

       A good way to to read the information in this section of this Web page might be to open two Web page browser windows.  The first one could be used to display the above chart.  The second could be used to read the text information in this section.  And Alt Tab could be used move back and forth between the two windows.

       On the Data.html Web page there are several Year Chart For The Year 2016 picture files.  They display Time Window Averaged EM Signal Data for the year 2016 and most of 2015.  Also on that Web page there are several Year Charts For The Years 2001 Through 2015 picture files.  The above chart is from the Year Charts.  Several EM Signal, earthquake and Time Window lines have been added for explanation purposes.

Averaged EM Signal Data  --  That means that each Time Window line on the chart  represents 90 days worth of EM Signals averaged together.  The last day during that Time Window is the date on the Time Window line.  The Time Window lines are offset from one another by 10 days.

Line Peaks  -  Where there is a line peak at some longitude on any of those Time Window chart lines it means that my computer programs determined that sun and moon gravity related forces associated with the averaged EM Signals during that Time Window were similar to sun and moon gravity related forces that existed at the time when past earthquakes occurred at that longitude.  The earthquakes used for those comparisons were mostly 5 and higher magnitude earthquakes going from the present back to the start of 1973.

Circles Or Dots  -  The purple circles or dots on the upper Chile earthquake line and the lower Year Chart part of the above chart show the longitude and relative magnitude (circle size) of the earthquake.  A red triangle within one of those circles shows that there was at least one fatality associated with the earthquake.

Numbers On The Chart  -  The number to the left of the earthquake date show the magnitude of the earthquake.  Those below that line show show the latitude, longitude, and depth of the earthquake.  And the ones on the right side of the Year Chart part of the chart show the magnitude and depth of the earthquake.


       The following is an interpretation of the various EM Signal, Time Window, and earthquake lines and other data on the above chart.

The August 22, 2015 Time Window Line Peak Longitude Shift  -  As discussed in a fair amount of detail in the Multiple Earthquake Precursors Data Evaluation Forecasting Method section of this Web page, around August 16, 2015, the Chile Seismos earthquake forecasting group detected earthquake precursor signals that they concluded were probably indicating that a powerful earthquake could be headed for the Chile area.  And they circulated a formal Earthquake Warning.

       As can be seen on the above chart, the Time Window line peaks made a dramatic shift in their longitude positions from 65 W to 72 W locations to around 125 E to 130 E at that same time.  On August 16, 2015 I myself also detected a very high intensity EM Signal.  The line peak profile for that EM Signal can be seen near the top of the chart.  And it can also be seen that the line peak profile for that EM Signal looks fairly similar to the line peak profile for the September 16, 2015 Chile area earthquake.

Question:  What was responsible for that line peak longitude shift from 65 W to 72 W locations to around 125 E to 130 E roughly one month before the Chile earthquake?

       It is my interpretation of those data that around August 16, 2015 there was some type of significant event in the Chile fault zone where the approaching earthquake was going to occur.  And that event was responsible for the precursor signals that were detected at that time by the Chile Seismos group.  And it caused the EM Signals that I myself work with that were being detected from that time on to have sun and moon gravity related forces associated with them that more closely resembled the sun and moon gravity related forces associated with earthquakes that had occurred in the past around 125 E to 130 E rather than earthquakes that had occurred in the past around 65 W to 72 W.

       That significant event in the Chile area fault zone might have involved the rock layers in the fault zone abruptly changing their electric resistance.  And that resistance change might have been associated with an abrupt shift in the manner in which the two earthquake fault zone tectonic plates were oriented towards one another.  Forces being exerted on them might have suddenly increased or changed direction.  Or the two tectonic plates might have been suddenly "twisted" relative to their previous orientation towards one another.

       The NOAA chart shown below also suggests that the significant event might have been linked in some way with the geomagnetic storm activity around August 16, 2015.


        Whatever that significant event was, one its consequence appears to have been to cause the location of the strong line peak on the Time Windows a month before the earthquake to shift from around 70 W to around 125 E.  The EM Signals being generated and detected were still associated with events taking place in the Chile area fault zone.  But their line peak locations on the Time Window lines no longer pointed to the right longitude for the approaching earthquake.

       The repeated appearance and disappearance of line peaks at some longitude is discussed in detail in the Line Peak Appearance And Disappearance section of this Web page.

The June 23, 2015 Line Peak Longitude Shift  -  It can also be seen that around June 23, 2015 there was an earlier Time Window line peak shift.  They temporarily moved from the 65 W to 72 W area to around the 165 W area.  And as noted on the chart, there was a strong Jet Stream anomaly detected on June 13, 2015 and a geomagnetic storm on June 14, 2015.

       It is my interpretation of those data that there was some type of dramatic event in the September 16, 2015 Chile earthquake fault zone around the middle of June just as there was in the middle of August.  And that event led to the appearance of that Jet Stream anomaly and also to my chart's June Time Window longitude shift.

The March 26, 2014 Time Window Line  -  At the bottom of the chart there is a line peak around 65 W on the March 26, 2014 Time Window line.  And that line peak is a fairly good match for the line peak at the same location on the April 1, 2014 Chile earthquake line.  The earthquake reportedly claimed about a half dozen lives.  So, that Time Window line peak that could be seen on the chart about a week before the earthquake, was likely accurately indicating that a significant earthquake was approaching for some fault zone located around 65 W.

The March 3, 8, 10 And 23, 2014 EM Signal Lines  -  They have line peaks in the 65 W to 72 W area.  And those EM Signals are likely responsible for the 65 W to 70 W March 26 Time Window line peak.  Had the Multiple Earthquake Precursors Data Evaluation Forecasting Method been in use when the signals were detected then it might have been possible to use them plus the March 26, 2015 Time Window line to tell that the April 1, 2014 Chile earthquake was approaching.

The April 2014 To August 2015 65 W To 72 W Chart Line Peaks  -  There are line peaks in that range starting at April 25, 2014 and going, on and off, to August 23, 2015.  Those data are consistent with data reported by other earthquake research personnel.

         My interpretation of those data is that shortly after the April 1, 2014 earthquake occurred in the Chile area strain started to be shifted to the location where the September 16, 2015 earthquake was getting ready to occur.  And EM Signals started to be generated that were indicating that the September 16, 2015 earthquake was approaching.

       So, for roughly a year and a half before the September 16, 2015 Chile earthquake occurred, the Data.html chart data were accurately indicating that a powerful earthquake could be about to occur somewhere along the 65 W to 72 W longitude lines.

Question:  Why did the 65 W to 72 W longitude line peaks repeatedly appear and disappear during that time period?

Possible Answers:

       During those times when there were no line peaks between 65 W and 72 W:

Theory # 1  -  The "working" assumption that the 65 W to 72 W line peaks on the chart were accurately indicating that the September 16, 2015 Chile  earthquake was approaching is correct.  But the EM Signals were actually being generated by some other 65 W to 72 W fault zone system such as the one associated with the April 1, 2014 Chile earthquake.

        That first theory is looking increasingly attractive with time.

       It is possible that the EM Signals during that year and a half period of time before the September 16, 2015 Chile earthquake were being generated in fault zones in the 65 W to 72 W area.  But the September 16, 2015 earthquake fault zone itself might actually have been generating signals for just a few months before the earthquake occurred.  The earlier EM Signals were being generated elsewhere along those longitude lines.

       Additional data analyses of my EM Signals and comparisons with data from other researchers could probably be used to determine exactly what was taking place and when it was taking place with regard to that first theory.

Theory # 2  -  There were no line peaks in the 65 W to 75 W area at certain times because conditions in the Chile fault zone were such that no signals would be generated even though the September 16, 2015 earthquake was approaching.  For example, the necessary strain was not present during those times when there were no line peaks visible.

Theory # 3  -  Conditions in the fault zone were such that signals would have been generated if an external energy source were active.  But there were no such external energy sources active.  For example, there might have been no solar or geomagnetic storms at those times that could have served as external energy sources.

Theory # 4  -  Chile fault zone-related signals were constantly being generated.  But for one reason or another, at certain times they pointed to the wrong longitudes.

Theory # 5  -  Chile fault zone-related signals were being generated.  But during those times when they could not be seen in the 65 W to 72 W area there were stronger signals being generated by approaching earthquakes that were going to occur in other fault zones.  So the line peaks associated with the Chile fault zone were essentially too small to appear on the chart.

       My computer programs normally amplify the largest line peak associated with each Time Window so that it is "full scale."  And the amplification factor used for that Time Window correction is then applied to all of the other line peaks in that Time Window.  As a consequence, if Chile fault zone-related line peaks had a height of 10 and there were no other larger line peaks for a given Time Window then the Chile fault zone related-ones would be displayed as the strongest line peaks.  However, if an earthquake fault zone at some other location started generating signals that produced line peaks having heights of 100, then after the amplification factor for a given Time Window was applied to all of the peaks in that Time Window, the Chile fault zone height 10 line peaks would disappear from the chart.  After the other earthquake occurred the Chile fault zone line peaks would start to appear again.

       At this point, a good question would be,

       "If there is so many verifiable data available such as those Chile earthquake data that clearly prove that earthquakes can be and are being predicted, why aren't governments, NGO personnel, and earthquake researchers in the international scientific community predicting significant earthquakes for us?"

       The answers to that question are fairly complex.  Some of them are discussed in this Web page's section titled Why Governments Can't Predict Earthquakes.
       The following URL is the Internet address for what appears to be an inexpensive earthquake forecasting program that, if it works, might be used not only by governments around the world but also by people living in remote towns and villages who do not have easy access to the Internet.

http://earthquake.itgo.com/today.htm

       I myself don’t know all of the details regarding how the program works.  But the general idea appears to me to be the following:

       A small object is placed on a window, for example, that is exposed to sunlight.  On a wall perhaps 5 or more feet from the window, the small object casts a shadow.  During the course of a day that shadow would normally follow a specific path across the wall.  When the shadow deviates from that expected path it can be a sign that an earthquake is approaching.

       The person running that program has apparently created routines for measuring the extent and time of the sun shadow path deviations and then determining where they are indicating that an earthquake will occur.

       The following is the address for a report that attempts to evaluate the forecasting method: http://earthquake.itgo.com/chen1.htm

        Unfortunately, there are no details at the Web site that explain exactly how the program works.  However, the person running the program has stated that he will share those details for free with people who have a sincere interest in duplicating and using the program.

       The person who developed the method post forecasts to the following Web site.  Look for ones stored there by "Shan." http://earthboppin.net/talkshop/rollem/

       If other people could get that forecasting method to work then it appears to me like it should be so attractive and inexpensive for so many people and governments around the world that it would undoubtedly be worth the time and expense needed to get it running.

       It should also be mentioned that the person who created that program was reportedly given an official commendation by the Indonesia Government for his research efforts related to his earthquake forecasting program.

       What appears to me to be a relatively new and innovative earthquake forecasting program is discussed in the December, 2016 issue of the NCGT journal.

       The report's title is, "High-frequency electromagnetic emission in the earthquake epicentral areas detected by the remote sensing frequency-resonance data processing."

       Additional details can be found on the following Web site:  http://www.geoprom.com.ua/index.php/ru/

       The following is what I believe the researchers who developed this method are saying.

       The method was developed for locating mineral and hydrocarbon deposits.  However, it can also be used to forecast some earthquakes.

       It relies on radio wave signals in the 20 megahertz to 1350 megahertz range.  They are associated with the vibrations and/or rotations of atoms, molecules, and perhaps crystals.  The radio waves are being detected by orbiting satellites.

       The theory seems to be that during the months before some earthquakes occur, hydrogen, helium, and hydrocarbon materials can enter the earthquake fault zone.  That might be the result of rock layer fracturing in that area.  Once there those substances can emit the high frequency radio waves that are then detected by the satellites.

       The people doing the research are I believe stating that even though those substances might be some distance beneath the surface of the Earth or even out in the ocean, the radio waves can still be clearly detected.

Forecasting  Earthquakes  By  Monitoring  Solar  Storm  Activity

       A number of researchers such as the following ones apparently believe that they can predict earthquakes by watching for solar storms.

http://www.solarwatcher.net/

http://quakewatch.net/

       My own theories propose that a forecasting method based on the detection of solar and/or geomagnetic storms can probably work to some extent.  But as with the EM Signals that I myself work with, I feel that those solar storm-related predictions would actually largely represent Time Windows during which there is an increased chance of an earthquake occurring if one is getting ready to occur anyway.  If there are no fault zones anywhere that are getting ready to fracture on their own then no amount of solar storm energy is going to cause an earthquake to be triggered.

       The Solar And Geomagnetic Storms And Earthquake Triggering section of this Web page contains some additional theory information regarding this subject matter.  And, more information related to this subject matter can be found by doing literature and Internet Web site searches.

       The subjects in this section are planned for discussion in detail in a future version of Web page.  They are based on the Web site computer program-related concepts that were described by me some two decades ago on early version of the following Web page:  A Demonstration Earthquake Forecasting Program

       As the following picture files from that Demonstration Earthquake Forecasting Program show, the basic concepts involved with the method are fairly simple.  And I feel that they are essentially the basis for the Multiple Earthquake Precursors Data Evaluation Forecasting Method discussed elsewhere on this Web page.

       Different types of earthquake precursor data collected from sources around the world would be displayed on a map such as Map # 1 shown below.  Web page visitors could then click on some part of the map such as the Los Angeles, California area and see increasingly expanded maps of that area.  That would then enable them to see where earthquake precursors were being detected.








       It is amazing that even today, several decades after that Demonstration Earthquake Forecasting Program Web page was made available, governments and members of the international scientific community have still not attempted to create an earthquake forecasting program like that.



       The discussions in this section of this Web page are intended to provide Web page visitors with some basic information regarding the highly complex types of Earthquake Sensitivity that can be experienced by some humans, animals, and plants.

       The theories and data in this lengthy section are based on personal observations, published reports, and large amounts of unpublished data provided to me by other earthquake researchers.

       The subject matter in this section of this Web page is so complex that the section is divided into different parts, some more detailed than others.  To some extent, the same information might be repeated in different parts.


      Anecdotal reports about humans and animals being able to sense when an earthquake is approaching are often observations of real and easily verifiable phenomena.  For humans, conscious sensations can include headaches and nausea.  Subconsciously people might experience unexplainable bouts of anger, depression, or anxiety.  Animals can become disoriented.  Plants can exhibit signs of stress in response to energy fields etc. that are associated with approaching earthquakes.

       If they were used in connection with earthquake forecasting programs that involved the evaluation of a variety of earthquake precursors, human and animal Earthquake Sensitivity types of data could be invaluable.  Some data related to plant sensitivity to approaching earthquakes might also be useful.

       For a variety of reasons, used alone these types of data can have reliability problems.  And amateur and professional earthquake researchers who are not aware of the nature of and the limitations of Earthquake Sensitivity types of earthquake precursors are probably not going to have much success with effectively using then or with convincing other researchers that they can be invaluable.  That is unfortunate as they are some of the most easily collected earthquake precursor data available.


---  Different types of energy appear to be involved with Earthquake Sensitivity.  Some of those types of energy are poorly understood.  Others are not understood at all.

---  Different people, animals, and plants respond in different ways to the different energy signals.

---  Some approaching earthquakes generate clear signals.  Others generate few or no detectable signals.

---  Some earthquakes generate signals that follow easily recognized patterns.  Signals associated with other approaching earthquakes don't seem to have any recognizable pattern.

---  Some earthquakes might occur within days or hours after a signal is detected.  In other cases an approaching earthquake might generate signals for more than a year before it finally occurs.

       The following (underlined) are some of the approaching earthquake-related phenomena that humans, animals, and plants might be responding to.  A few examples are listed after each phenomenon.

---  Various types of signals that are being generated by an approaching earthquake itself

*****  Piezoelectric effect-related electromagnetic energy field signals generated by the rock layers in a highly stressed earthquake fault zone

*****  Very low frequency sound waves (infrasound)

*****  Ground vibrations associated with fault zone rock layer fracturing

---  Signals associated with things outside the fault zone that are being affected by the approaching earthquake

*****  Ground water levels could become elevated in some area.  Animals living in underground burrows in that area might leave their burrows and head for higher ground in response to water starting to fill the burrows.

---  Signals that are not directly associated with the earthquake itself but rather with other phenomena such as solar storms that will have an impact on some combination of the occurrence time, the location of, and the magnitude of an approaching earthquake

*****  Consider a situation where a powerful solar storm occurs and causes the Earth's geomagnetic energy field to fluctuate.  The solar storm energy then also causes an earthquake to occur months before it would otherwise have occurred.  And observers incorrectly conclude that the approaching earthquake was directly responsible for the observed geomagnetic energy field fluctuations.  In that case the geomagnetic signals were actually useful earthquake precursors.  However, the approaching earthquake itself was not what caused them to be generated.

       Over the ages many researchers have likely attempted to develop reliable earthquake forecasting programs that are based on human, animal, and plant sensitivities to those signals etc.  Unfortunately, most of those forecasting efforts have probably not been especially successful.  For example, in some cases animals might have been able to detect the approach of a particular significant earthquake.  But in other cases they seemed to have been totally unaware that one was approaching.  And in yet other cases the animals appear to be sensing that an earthquake is approaching.  But no earthquake occurs for months or years.

       All of those observations are explainable.  And the data appear to be saying the following:

---  Humans, animals, and plants can sense the approach of some earthquakes.

---  Because there are so many different variables or factors involved with earthquake sensory phenomena, there are some earthquakes, including even very powerful ones, that Earthquake Sensitive humans, animals, and plants might miss completely.

---  In some cases an approaching earthquake might generate signals that can be detected for more than a year before it finally occurs.  And that lengthy signal generation time can confuse observers.  They are watching for an expected earthquake for months without ever seeing one.  And after a while that might cause the observers to decide that observations of unusual animal behavior, for example, are not reliable earthquake precursors.

       My own data and data from other researchers suggest to me that changes in a variety of local or global electric or magnetic fields that can take place before many earthquakes occur are likely the most commonly detected signals that Earthquake Sensitive humans, animals, and plants can detect.

       The following is a collection of theories and observations related to those electromagnetic earthquake precursors.

---  Phenomena such as the piezoelectric effect can cause different types of electromagnetic energy field fluctuations to be generated in fault zones in the days, weeks, months, and years before earthquakes occur.

---  Individual electromagnetic signals can have alternating current (AC) characteristics, or direct current (DC) characteristics, or both.

---  The AC signals can have frequencies ranging from perhaps .1 cycle per second up to hundreds of millions of cycles per second.

---  Geomagnetic storm energy (which can have its origins in solar storms) can probably interact with fault zones and in the process contribute to or amplify certain fault zone activity related electromagnetic energy field fluctuations.

---  Solar storm activity is associated with events taking place in and around the sun.  Interactions between solar storms and the Earth's geomagnetic energy fields and earthquake fault zones can be affected by the nature of the solar storm and also the orientation of the sun's magnetic field lines relative to those of the Earth.

---  About every 7 days the sun magnetic field lines orientation can shift from being in the same direction as those of the Earth to being in the opposite direction.  Those shifts can probably have an impact on the times when various approaching earthquake-related electromagnetic energy field signals are generated.

---  Earthquake fault zone activity related electromagnetic energy fields can be focused in specific directions by a variety of phenomena.  As a result before an earthquake, a sensor located a certain distance on one side of the fault zone might be detecting strong energy field fluctuations while another one an equal distance away on the fault zone's other side might not detect anything.  This is one of the important reasons that some energy field detectors give the appearance of not producing consistent results.

---  The geomagnetic storm - earthquake fault zone interactions take place most often during the days and weeks just before an earthquake occurs when the fault zone’s rock layer's physical, chemical, and electrical properties change as it gets close to fracturing.  But they can also take place months, and on occasion, probably more than a year before the earthquake occurs.

---  Phenomena such as lighting strikes and I believe geomagnetic storms can cause low frequency radio waves to be generated.  I expect that events taking place within fault zones can also cause them to be generated.

---  Those low frequency radio waves can travel around the world with relatively little loss in signal strength.  Air is a reasonably good conductor for them.  Water is better.  And metal is best.

---  As the radio waves interact with fault zones and/or when they are generated as the result of fault zone activities, information regarding fault zone events can be superimposed on them and then be carried by them around the world.

---  Some fault zone event-related electromagnetic energy field fluctuations range in time from 0.25 seconds to perhaps 30 seconds in duration.  Others may persist for hours, days, and even weeks.

---  Because the times when those energy field fluctuations occur can be controlled by forces or phenomena related to the gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon and also forces or phenomena related to geomagnetic storms etc., the fluctuations can occur at high strain level times etc. in the same time cycles which control earthquake occurrence times.  Or they can occur at somewhat random looking times which may be days, weeks, or months apart.

---  Other earthquake precursors possibly related to electromagnetic energy field fluctuations have been reported over the years.  They would include Earthquake Lights which are a type of temporary, local luminescence, glowing balls of light which may be suspended in the air, and static noise on radio, television, and telephone transmissions.

---  Important phenomena such as the failure of electronic devices including radios and telephones that are located near a fault just before an earthquake occurs are discussed on the NCGT Journal Earthquake Precursor Data Web page.

---  Interactions taking place between earthquake fault zones located even great distances apart can result in signals being generated that are stronger than they might otherwise be.  For a hypothetical example, an approaching 8.0 magnitude earthquake in one fault zone might cause a signal associated with a 4.0 magnitude earthquake which is about to occur in another, distant fault zone to be amplified to a point where it appears to be for a 6.0 magnitude earthquake.

---  Electromagnetic energy field fluctuations linked with fault zone events and in some cases also with low frequency radio waves that are affected by or generated as a result of fault zone events, can produce strong reactions in humans, animals, and some plants.

---  Various groups of animals such as cats, dogs, horses, and catfish will have different types of and different levels of sensitivity to those energy field fluctuations.  And within a single group of organisms such as dogs, different ones will experience different types of and different levels of sensitivity to those energy field fluctuations.

---  The responses of different organisms to the energy field fluctuations can result from basic energy field - biological system interactions.  Those types of interactions would be similar to having water heated by the energy field of a microwave oven.

---  They can result as side effects of energy field - biological system interactions that the evolutionary process has deliberately built into the members of a specific group of organisms for some reason such as to provide them with an ability to detect light or to sense the orientation of the Earth's magnetic field.

---  They might even result from energy field - biological system interactions that result from a deliberate effort by the evolutionary process to provide the members of a specific group of organisms with an ability to detect the approach of an earthquake.

       Over the years I have learned about many instances of humans and animals being able to sense that a powerful earthquake was approaching.  And when preparing a Web page related to those abilities I decided that if human and animal-related biological systems could detect approaching earthquakes then it would be reasonable to assume that some plants might also be able to do that.  So, I added that information to the original version of the following Web page while it was being prepared:

Earthquake Triggering, Earthquake Precursor Signal Generation, and Earthquake Sensitivity Theory Pictures

       In spite of my making that logical decision regarding the plants it was still just a little surprising to me when I learned a few years ago that several earthquake researchers have actually done some research along those lines.  Work done by one of them is discussed on the following Web page:

http://www.eqsigns.net/plants.html

       After concluding that some plants could actually detect electric signals associated with approaching earthquakes, another researcher that I know about decided to begin measuring the signals using electronic types of sensors instead of having plants act as the original sensors.

       From reviewing some of the available information it appears to me that the plants are largely responding to strong, static electricity types of energy fields that approaching earthquakes can generate.  Inanimate object will often do the same thing.

       The static electricity energy fields might have have alternating or direct current characteristics, or both.

       There is also the possibility that through the evolutionary process, some varieties of plants that have been growing for thousands of years near earthquake fault zones have built a sensitivity to those energy fields into their genetic codes.  So the plants would essentially be "programmed" to have specific types of responses to the energy fields.  For example, when the energy fields were detected the plants might quickly attempt to strengthen their stems and/or shed some of their foliage so that they would be less easily damaged by strong earthquake-related ground shaking.

       Over the centuries there have probably been countless reports that discussed various air, land, and aquatic animals having some type of observable reaction when a powerful earthquake was approaching.

       The book “When The Snakes Awake:  Animals and Earthquake Prediction” by Helmut Tributsch, 1978, 1982 and 1984, might have been one of the earliest English language compilations of reports of unusual animal behavior before an approaching earthquake.

       A theory that I feel is likely correct is that animals are usually responding to electromagnetic energy field fluctuations that are linked with events taking place in local earthquake fault zones.  However, an occasional animal will be able to sense those fluctuations when they are associated with fault zones that are hundreds of miles away.

       Some of the time, Earthquake Sensitive Animals might be responding to low frequency sound waves associated with an approaching earthquake.

       Some pet animals that might behave as though they are earthquake sensitive could actually be responding to fault zone activity-related behavioral changes etc. that they are observing in their Earthquake Sensitive Human owners.

       One earthquake researcher reportedly checks or checked newspapers for notices of missing pet animals.  It is or was apparently his belief that some pet animals can get disoriented by something such as an electromagnetic energy field or sound wave that can be generated before a local earthquake occurs.  And the pet animals might wander away from home.

       Then by determining how many pet animal were reported missing during a specific period of time and comparing that number with the number of reports from other periods of time he was able to conclude that larger numbers of reports than usual could be an indication that an earthquake was approaching for some area.

       Another researcher checks to see when large numbers of ants suddenly appear, and watches news reports for events such as traffic accidents that indicate that people in some area are becoming unusually angry or distracted while they are driving.  The theory is that their anger etc. is being induced by the energy fields associated with the approaching earthquake.

       It is possible that important information related to the signals that Earthquake Sensitive Animals including some humans are detecting might now have become available because of the following destructive earthquake:

2017/09/08 04:49:21 15.07N  93.71W  70 8.1 "87km SW of Pijijiapan, Mexico"

       The main high intensity EM Signals that I myself work with last perhaps 20 seconds.  But Earthquake Sensitive Animals can reportedly detect signals that will last for hours or even days.  As stated earlier, pet animals, for example, can become disoriented and wander away from home.

       As the news report below explains, that earthquake was reported as being unusual in that it did not involve two tectonic plates slipping sideways past one another, or a case of one tectonic plate pressing against and being pushed beneath another.

Why the 8.1 Magnitude Mexico Earthquake Was Unusual

        As the report explains, the earthquake did actually involve two tectonic plates that were pressing against one another.  However instead of being associated with one slipping underneath the other it involved the ocean tectonic plate cracking or breaking some distance from the fault zone as a result of the pressure.

       Assuming that the report is accurate, that suggests that the tremendous pressure needed to cause the tectonic plate to fracture like that might have been exerted over a period of several hours or several days.  And phenomena such as the piezoelectric effect could have generated intense electric field activity over a large area.

       There were in fact strong electromagnetic signals lasting for hours that were generated on August 14, 2017, about a month before the earthquake.  And I expect that many people were able to observe unusual animal behavior around that time.

       Several of the roughly 20 second EM Signals that I myself normally work with were detected two days afterwards on August 16, 2017.  And later that day I circulated a formal Earthquake Warning to researchers around the world.  My analyses of those EM Signals and the September 8, 2017 Mexico earthquake indicate to me that the August 16, 2017 signals, primarily the second one, were associated with that approaching earthquake.

       Although there are earthquake researchers, including myself, who strongly believe that we could be using animals to tell when earthquakes are approaching I am not personally aware of any formal earthquake forecasting programs that are being presently run anywhere that rely on observations of unusual animal behavior.

       In a future version of this Web page I am planning to discuss two additional subjects related to the use of animals in earthquake forecasting programs.  The information related to the first subject might be ten to twenty years more advanced than anything along those lines that has been done to date.  And the information in the second subject might be a good fifty years ahead of anything done to date.  It is quite futuristic!

       Earthquake Sensitive Humans might actually be some of the best sources of information regarding approaching earthquakes.  For one thing, they can be easily asked for more information regarding their symptoms.  You can't ask an electromagnetic signal detector or an animal or plant for additional data!

       The following fairly extensive discussion of human psychic abilities has been included on this Web page for an important reason.  That reason is that Earthquake Sensitive Humans, people who are especially sensitive to certain types of electromagnetic energy field signals, can at times be extremely good at telling when a significant earthquake is approaching.  And scientists who are attempting to forecast earthquakes should be taking advantage of the information that those people can generate.

       Unfortunately, scientists and Earthquake Sensitive Humans don't appear to me to usually get along with one another especially well.  And it is hoped that the information in this section of this Web page will help earthquake forecasting scientists better understand how the Earthquake Sensitive Humans' thought processes work, and also let the scientists know about the invaluable types of earthquake precursor information that the Earthquake Sensitives could be generating.

       The information in this section of this Web page is based on years of conversations with various parties, observations, reviews of the literature, and theories.

       Human Earthquake Sensitivity might be thought of as a type of "Psychic" ability.  And in the past there have been various amounts of fraud associated with the claims that people make regarding their having psychic abilities.  But it is my opinion that most of the credibility problems that psychics have stem from the fact that probably relatively few of them have any scientific training.  They are unable to distinguish between real and illusional phenomena.  And when they tell other people that both the real phenomena and the illusional phenomena that they might be observing or experiencing are real, then people, especially scientists, eventually conclude that none of the things that the psychics are telling them about are credible.

       Some psychic or paranormal phenomena such as Telepathy and Clairvoyance appear to quite real.  Others such as Teleportation are in my opinion probably illusional.  People might truly believe that they are seeing something real.  But it is actually an interesting type of illusion.

       My present theories propose that ages ago, humans developed or inherited (evolution) psychic abilities for two reasons:

1.  These abilities helped parents to sense important information regarding the health and safety of their young children before the age of hospitals and wonder drugs.

2.  These abilities are even today important to the effective operation of the human immune system.  For example, they might be helping the immune system identify and then destroy or neutralize certain types of cancer cells.

      The best book that I myself have come across for presenting a fairly good picture of what the true "psychic world" looks like is "Wolf Messing  The True Story of Russia's Greatest Psychic" written by his biographer Tatiana Lungin.

       The original version was published quite a few years ago.  And I was happy to see that either that first version or a newer version was published once again in 2014.  I myself have not yet had a chance to examine the 2014 version.


       Psychics who can predict earthquakes appear to me to rely on one or more of the several different types of abilities.  Some of those abilities are briefly discussed in this section of this Web page.

       Depending on how a person defines the word "Psychic," the people in this first group might be regarded as being "Psychic."  However, technically speaking, they are actually "Earthquake Sensitive."  They experience strong physical  and emotional responses to the electromagnetic energy field fluctuations that can occur before some earthquakes.  And they sometimes conclude that the experiences they are having indicate that they have psychic abilities because they can "predict" that a powerful earthquake is getting ready to occur.

       As already stated, if the word "Psychic" is given a broad enough meaning then Human Earthquake Sensitivity could be regarded as being one manifestation of human psychic abilities.

       The following is a discussion of the biological, psychological, or emotional responses that Human Earthquake Sensitives can have to the electromagnetic energy fields or other types of signals such as low frequency sound waves (infrasound) that can be associated with approaching earthquakes.

        All humans are probably earthquake sensitive to some degree.  Some fraction of the population, perhaps one person in a thousand, is sufficiently sensitive to be able to clearly tell when a local earthquake is going to occur.  A small fraction are sufficiently sensitive to be able to detect signals associated with earthquakes occurring around the world.

       Earthquake sensitive humans may experience physical, random or monthly type hormonal, emotional, and brain activity related responses to those energy field fluctuations.  Headaches are among the most common responses.  Nausea and dizziness can occur. Some people may experience abrupt, strong, and temporary or even somewhat longer lasting mood swings.  High or low frequency tones may be heard in one ear or the other or in both ears at the same time.  Short duration muscle jolts are common.  Physical pain or some other type of sensation in a hand or foot and in extreme cases actual physical injury can occur.  Dreams may be influenced by those energy field fluctuations.  Especially sensitive people may begin hearing voices or seeing ghostly images.  I believe that some people might begin seeing auras of different colors surrounding other people.

       Some earthquake sensitives can determine from which of their hands or feet are being affected by those energy field fluctuations etc., roughly where on the planet an approaching earthquake is likely to occur.

       Because water is a good conductor for the low frequency radio waves, earthquake sensitive humans will sometimes experience stronger reactions to the fault zone activity related energy field fluctuations when they stand near a large body of water such as on the ocean shore.  Their reactions may get abruptly stronger when they stand near metal water pipes in a house and even when they begin running tap water into the kitchen sink.

       People who have water dowsing abilities are probably often detecting those energy field fluctuations as the signals travel through underground sources of water.  I understand that dowsers are not usually able to detect the presence of electrically isolated bodies of water such as water present in a plastic swimming pool.

       Diet modification and dietary supplements can at times be used to control painful headaches or other undesired responses to those fault zone activity related electromagnetic energy field fluctuations.  Common pain control medications such as aspirin may help.  People who are strongly earthquake sensitive may need to rely on prescription drugs.  Certain types of medications such as aspirin and foods can temporarily increase a person's sensitivity to the energy field fluctuations.

       Biofeedback can reportedly help reduce earthquake sensitivity.  And I would expect that hypnosis might also work for some people.

       Some earthquake sensitives have reportedly been able to reduce the number and severity of their headaches or mood shifts etc. by moving to some other part of the country where fault zone activity related electromagnetic energy field fluctuations are weaker or at least different.  After such a move it might require several weeks for the undesired energy field related responses to be reduced in strength.

       An inexpensive and effective way to detect approaching earthquakes might involve having a number of people who are earthquake sensitive contact some central facility when they were having earthquake warning experiences such as headaches.  If 100 in some area were reporting in and only few in surrounding areas were doing the same then that might be a sign that an earthquake was about to occur near that first area.  Additionally, earthquake forecasters and researchers could always ask the earthquake sensitive humans for more information when desired.  That is not easily done with earthquake sensitive animals, conventional radio signal receivers, or seismic activity monitors.

     As noted above, people who are strongly Earthquake Sensitive can reportedly experience various types of physical and emotional problems when a powerful earthquake is approaching.  That phenomenon has been reported by a number of researchers.

       It is my understanding that one earthquake researcher (charking@viser.net) believes that earthquakes that are about to occur in certain countries including Bolivia and Argentina, and especially Chile, are particularly good at generating EM Signals that can cause problems for Earthquake Sensitive Humans.

       It has been proposed that those EM Signals can cause large segments of the population to become irritated, probably for most people at the subconscious level.  And that can result in people becoming unusually angry, self-destructive, and even violent.

       If that is the case then this is something that certainly should be investigated.  And years ago I personally wrote to the U.S. Surgeon General and recommended that some medical studies be run to see how widespread and serious this phenomenon might be.  We certainly would not want to have someone piloting a passenger aircraft if and when he or she had become unconsciously irritated by a powerful approaching Chile earthquake!


       Many Earthquake Sensitive Humans also reportedly experience strong physical and emotional effects when there are strong solar and/or geomagnetic storms.  And one earthquake researcher (charking@viser.net) has reported that some of those effects can be associated with GRB events.

       A GRB (Gamma Ray Burst) is an intense burst of high energy gamma rays (relativistic photons) that are believed to usually have their origins in distant galaxies.  Astronomers have proposed that GRBs can be generated when a massive star collapses and becomes a black hole.  The gamma ray beams are so highly focused that they can travel for billions of years through interstellar space and still have a strong impact on orbiting satellites, and on the Earth when the GRB photons hit the atmosphere.

       Assuming that those GRB effects are real and at times significant, then it would be logical to assume that there might be similar effects associated with the Gamma Ray Bursts that are reportedly generated when thunderstorms cause powerful lightning bolts to occur.


       Human Earthquake Sensitivity appears to me to probably be related to the medical treatment Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation

        It is probably not a coincidence that TMS is being used to treat headaches and depression, medical problems that are common for people who are strongly Earthquake Sensitive.

       "Psychic" types of earthquake forecasts that are based on Human Earthquake Sensitivity can be quite accurate.  And in theory they could provide us with invaluable forecasting data.  However it has been my observation that many of the people who have this particular type of ability unfortunately do not have the analytical, scientific, or organizational skills needed to generate the types of reliable and effective forecasts that government officials and disaster mitigation personnel need if they are going to prepare for an approaching earthquake.

       Quite a few years ago I concluded that it might be possible to forecast some earthquakes or gain information regarding earthquake fault zones by having Earthquake Sensitive Humans and/or Animals travel back and forth across earthquake fault zones in specially designed aircraft.

       When those people got near a fault zone they might experience symptoms that would be quite strong if an earthquake were getting ready to occur there.  Animal behavior could also be monitored.  If Earthquake Sensitive Animals became agitated as the aircraft traveled across the fault zone then that could be a sign that the fault zone was active.

       Since that time I have learned quite a bit more regarding when and how earthquake fault zones generate the types of electromagnetic signals that humans and animals can sense.  And based on what I have learned I still feel that this approach to forecasting earthquakes could work, just not as well as I originally thought.  This is because the fault zones appear to generate the EM Signals at only certain times.  And the Earthquake Sensitive Humans and Animals might be traveling over the fault zone at the wrong time and miss an approaching earthquake.

       In spite of that, this would be such a simple and inexpensive way to forecast earthquakes that it should probably be attempted.

       To my considerable surprise I was happy to learn a number of years ago that someone has already attempted something along those lines.

       Someone who has the ability to sense that an earthquake is approaching sat in a car that was being driven back and forth over a certain part of the countryside.  And she was able to tell from the physical sensations that she was experiencing that there was a fault zone at a specific location.  And that person's conclusion regarding the existence and location of the fault zone was later supported by more conventional scientific data.

       The May 25, 2016 entry on the following Web page (blog) contains a detailed account of that series of events:  https://thecharlottekingeffect.com/


        The people in this second group are at times seemingly able to actually predict future events when there is nothing that anyone could imagine would be a present or past event or experience that could be used as a basis for making such a prediction.

       This precognition type of phenomenon has been studied extensively under laboratory conditions over the years.  And it appears that it can be quite real.

       Earthquake predictions based solely on precognition would appear to defy all of the known and widely accepted laws of classical physics as far as I am personally aware.  Those laws state that in the universe as we understand it, only the "present" exists.  The past exists only in our history books.  And the future exists only in science fiction books.

       According to classical physics, no one should be able to see into the future and determine what is going to happen.

       In my readings over the years regarding earthquake related phenomena and events, I cannot recall hearing about any precognition-related earthquake predictions being made.  However, since true "psychics" have been able to accurately predict so many other types of events there have undoubtedly been some of these types of earthquake predictions made over the years.  And I have simply not done enough reading to come across any of them.


       It is my understanding that the science or art of "Astrology" is practiced by people who often try to predict future events by generating elaborate tables, charts, and drawings that rely on a variety of phenomena such as birth dates, the phase of the moon, and the locations of planets in the sky.

       And once again, this type of prediction also appears to defy all of the known and widely accepted laws of classical physics as far as I am personally aware.

---  I personally strongly suspect that accurate predictions of approaching earthquakes and other future events probably cannot be generated if they are based only on those types of astrology charts and tables etc.

---  However, I also expect that for the unusual reason discussed below, astrologers are at time probably able to accurately predict some future events including approaching significant earthquakes using their charts and tables etc.


Question  -  How is that possible?

Proposed Answer  -  Some astrologers who can accurately predict future events are in reality members of that Group 2 or perhaps the Group 1 Psychics discussed earlier on this Web page.  And they are actually using their psychic abilities to make their predictions.  The tables, charts, and drawings are simply the tools that they use in order to do that.


       That proposed answer should not sound unusual to anyone who has studied paranormal phenomena.  Over the centuries psychics have often used tools like that to help them predict future events.  Other such tools would include collections of bones, tea leafs, and the observation of celestial events.

        And so, if there were two astrologers who had identical training with one having true psychic abilities and the other having none, then the one who actually had those abilities would be able to make at least some accurate predictions of future events including some earthquakes.  The other person's predictions would simply be lists of random events.

As stated elsewhere on this Web page,

Earthquake forecasting data need to speak for themselves!

       Earthquake forecasters should not automatically dismiss earthquake predictions that are based on psychic or astrological information just because the predictions would seem to have no rational basis in our understanding of how our universe works.  In some cases those predictions might actually be quite accurate and valuable.

        The psychics in this group are often called "Remote Viewers."  In parapsychology terms they would probably be referred to as being "Clairvoyant."

       Based on my reading I would expect that properly trained people who have Remote Viewers abilities might at times be able to focus their minds on some section of the world and tell that an earthquake was getting ready to occur at that location.

       For years, the U.S. Government reportedly attempted to have Remote Viewers work as psychic spies in its Stargate Project.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Project

       It is my understanding that there was a lot of public embarrassment among U.S. Government officials when it was discovered that some psychic spy program personnel had gotten sidetracked from their original goals.

       During the Cold War the Soviets were reportedly running a similar psychic spies program.

       It is also my understanding that the U.S. Government presently denies that its psychic spies were ever able to accomplish anything.  But I believe that in reality they were probably actually able to do at least some effective spying work.

        Until recently I thought that it was most likely that U.S. Government claims that it psychic spies never accomplished anything was part of a deliberate disinformation campaign.  However, after reading the Wikipedia article listed above regarding Remote Viewing and psychic spies I am now of the opinion that the real problem with the program likely had to do with what appears to me a general lack of understanding regarding the actual nature of Remote Viewing phenomena.  And without that type of understanding, program personnel could not set or achieve realistic goals.

       For example, there were program personnel who believed that it might be possible for some psychics to "Walk through walls."  Observations of people walking through walls are in my opinion types of psychic illusions.  A photograph of what was taking place would show that the psychics were not truly walking through any walls regardless of what observers thought they were seeing.

       It doesn't sound to me like any governments are presently attempting to work with Remote Viewers.

       The earthquake forecasting abilities of these Group 3 psychics are discussed further in the EM Signals section of this Web page.


       There appear to me to be at least two reasons for that.  And the second reason is probably the much stronger one.

Reason # 1

       The scientific mind and the psychic mind appear to me to be quite different from one another.  The two groups probably rely on the use of dramatically different sections of the human brain.

       Scientists usually want the information that they deal with to be nicely organized and understandable.  And even phenomena that they regard as being chaotic are still considered to have a certain amount of symmetry or order associated with them.

       Probably most psychics, in contrast, don't spend a lot of time looking for any type of scientific order or logic in the information that they deal with.

       One of the consequences of this is that when scientists attempt to work with people who have psychic types of abilities, they can find it difficult to keep the psychics focused on a specific task.  The psychics might tend to let their minds wander.  And they begin talking about the spirit world and creatures from outer space.

       Eventually the scientists grow impatient with the psychics and stop talking with them.  Or, the scientists become concerned about what their colleagues will think about their talking with people who believe in ghosts.  Or, the psychics become irritated at the scientists' lack of interest in some of the things that the psychics feel are important.  And they stop cooperating with the scientists.

       As a scientist and earthquake forecaster and researcher I myself talk fairly often with people who are strongly Earthquake Sensitive.  And if they wish to discuss their interest in the spirit world or in creatures from outer space then that doesn't bother me as long as they are willing to focus most of their attention on the subject of forecasting earthquakes.  Additionally, comments that they offer regarding the spirit world etc. can provide valuable insight into how they are able to sense that an earthquake is approaching.

Reason # 2

       This is probably by far the main reason that some scientists and medical worker don't like people who have psychic abilities.

       Most human beings appear to me to have something built into their minds that encourages them to want to put greater faith in explanations for how our world works that involve supernatural or paranormal phenomena rather than explanations that involve classical biology, chemistry, and physics.  And given the choice, many or most people would probably prefer to listen to advice given to them by psychics rather than advice from scientists and medical workers.

       On the positive side, that tendency to rely on supernatural explanations for how our universe works might have help keep the human race from destroying itself during the Cold War when nuclear weapons became so numerous and widespread.

       Psychic types of information can at times, in my opinion, be helpful.  And they are generally at least entertaining.  But, on the negative side, the tendency that many people have to prefer to listen to advice from psychics can at times be harmful.  For example, someone who has an appendix that is about to burst would not want to exclusively seek medical treatment from a psychic healer.   The resultant delay in getting critically important conventional medical treatment could cost that person his or her life.  He or she should instead be calling an ambulance and heading for the nearest hospital emergency room!

        When people tell scientists and medical workers that they would prefer to listen to psychics rather than to them even in cases where it appears obvious that fraud is involved, it can infuriate the scientists and medical workers.  And that can then result in their condemning any and all people who claim to have psychic abilities.

       Instead of regarding all psychic and paranormal phenomena as being imagined or fraudulent, scientists and medical workers should develop an understanding of the actual nature of those phenomena and a tolerance for the opinions of people who believe that they are real.  The various groups might then be able to more peacefully coexist and even make some progress with solving world problems.

       On the other hand, it has been my personal experience that quite often, when scientists and medical workers get to the point where they are willing to accept the fact that some paranormal phenomena are real, they tend to toss out our universe's rule book.  And they start believing that all reports of paranormal phenomena are real.  They fail to realize that some realistic looking paranormal phenomena such as mental energy-related spoon bending, teleportation, and some reports of encounters with flying saucers are probably more likely often the product of psychic types of illusions.

       It will be interesting to see if this section of this Web page will be helpful with getting scientists and medical workers to better understand the true nature of certain important paranormal phenomena such as Human Earthquake Sensitivity, and more tolerant of discussions of them.

       This section of this Web page has been included here because it provides a stunning example of the previously discussed phenomenon that is often referred to as "Human Earthquake Sensitivity."

       There are additional details regarding the events being discussed here.  But I decided not to add them to this section of this Web page because I felt that the information might be too upsetting to some Web page visitors.

       The following is from a firsthand account by a Haiti resident who survived the following extremely deadly 2010 Haiti earthquake.

2010/01/12 21:53:10 18.45N  72.44W  10 7.0 HAITI REGION

       That devastating earthquake reportedly claimed a quarter of a million lives.  And it wrecked havoc on the economy of Haiti and on the Haiti general public.

       The people and the country of Haiti have still not yet fully recovered.

       The following are a few of the Internet Web sites where the tragedy is discussed.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H/C3/B4tel_Montana

https://sites.google.com/site/hotelmontanahaitiearthquake/survivor-s-stories

       Perhaps 1 person in 1000 is strongly Earthquake Sensitive.  Present theories propose that when an earthquake is getting ready to occur, electromagnetic energy field fluctuations associated with the approaching earthquake can be generated that will interact with a person’s body and mind energy fields causing him or her to experience a wide variety of physical and emotional symptoms.

       This phenomenon appears to me to likely be related to the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) medical procedure where strong magnets are used to treat headaches and depression.

       On the morning that the Haiti earthquake occurred, the Earthquake Sensitive Haiti resident (a male) who survived the earthquake experienced, and I quote, "A lost of balance, heavy nausea, anxiety, and an extremely painful migraine headache.  Everything seemed to be distorted."

       In spite of his severe symptoms he went to a work-related meeting that was being held at the Montana Hotel in Haiti.  However, later that day his symptoms became so unbearable he decided to return home.  Based on his past experiences with those symptoms he concluded that a powerful earthquake might be about to occur.  And on his way home he visited four supermarkets, filling one shopping cart after another with emergency supplies.

     At 21:53:10 UTC time the Haiti earthquake occurred.  Before the shaking stopped the Montana Hotel was heavily damaged.  And one of the Earthquake Sensitive person's coworkers who was still at the hotel at that time lost his life when the section of the hotel he was in collapsed.

       Most of the people who are strongly Earthquake Sensitive and who know that this type of sensitivity to approaching earthquake-related energy field fluctuations is responsible for their physical and emotional symptoms likely regard this “allergy to approaching earthquakes” to be an unpleasant and undesirable “curse” of sorts.  Several strongly Earthquake Sensitive individuals that I myself have spoken with have even had to be repeatedly hospitalized because their symptoms became so severe.

       This account regarding the Haiti earthquake survivor might represent the first reported case in history where a human life might actually have been saved by this unusual “allergy.”

       The Haiti resident who survived the earthquake has not been identified here by name.  But I do have an E-mail address for him.  And it is possible that with a little effort he could be coaxed into doing a television or radio interview where he would be willing to publicly discuss his harrowing, life threatening experience with that devastating 2010 earthquake.

THE  ELUSIVE  AND  DECEPTIVE  NATURE  OF  EARTHQUAKE  PRECURSORS

       As this section of this Web page will demonstrate, some earthquake predictions probably fail because the earthquake precursors that they are based on have complex, elusive, and deceptive natures.

       This is an expansion of the Brief Introduction To The Science Of Earthquake Forecasting section of this Web page.  Web page visitors who have not already read that Web page section should probably do so to have a complete understanding of this subject matter.

       As stated somewhat differently in another section of this Web page:

       The history of the human race is littered with the remains of earthquake predictions that failed.

       Earthquake predictions probably fail fairly easily when forecasters base their predictions on just one type of earthquake precursor, and at times even when several different types of earthquake precursors are evaluated.

       Over the centuries many earthquake forecasters have predicted that an earthquake would occur at some time and place only to have their prediction fail because the earthquake precursor data that they were working with were not as reliable as they thought.

       Also quite often in the past, powerful earthquakes occurred without first generating any of the precursor signals that forecasters believed should have been detected.

       Earthquake fault zone strain measurement data might be fairly reliable.  But it has been my personal experience and also my observation from evaluating other researchers’ precursor data that many and perhaps even most earthquake precursor data can be frustratingly elusive and deceptive.  And those Elusive And Deceptive Earthquake Precursors Data problems are perhaps the most important reasons for using the Multiple Earthquake Precursors Data Evaluation Forecasting Method.  Since that forecasting method involves the use of more than one type of earthquake precursor data it should have a certain amount immunity from at least some of those elusive and deceptive data problems.

       My own data indicate to me that a good part of those Elusive And Deceptive Earthquake Precursors Data problems could be due in part to the occurrence of certain complex electromagnetic events that are associated with earthquake fault zone activities.

       Those complex events would include ones associated with the generation of the EM Signal type earthquake precursors that I myself work with.  Those signals appear to be linked with fault zone activities and also quite often with solar and/or geomagnetic storms.  And that means that the occurrence and observation of any number of different types of earthquake precursors might be dependent on both the buildup of strain in the fault zone, and, to some extent, solar and geomagnetic storm activity.

       Most earthquake researchers are apparently not aware of the existence of the electromagnetic events that I myself work with (See: Data.html, Data-2.html, and Data-3.html).  There are a number of different types of signals involved.  But the main EM Signals that I use with my forecasts might often have durations of only about 20 seconds.  And without other researchers even being aware of the existence of those electromagnetic phenomena they likely cannot see that many and perhaps most earthquake precursors occur around the same time as, and might even be influenced by those electromagnetic phenomena.

        The following earthquake that has already been discussed at length on this Web page is an especially good example of one that appears to have generated highly deceptive earthquake precursor signals:

2015/09/16 22:54:33 31.57S  71.65W  25 8.3 46km W of Illapel, Chile

        Back in the Fall of 2014 a number of earthquake researchers including me felt that there were strong warning signs that a powerful earthquake could be about to occur in the Chile, South America area.  See https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/earthwaves/conversations/topics/17881 for one example.

       And that Chile earthquake did eventually occur, but not until a year later, on September 16, 2015.

       Some forecast data related to that earthquake that were collected and generated by other researchers were discussed in the September, 2015 issue of the NCGT Journal.  See the Multiple Earthquake Precursors Data Evaluation Forecasting Method section of this Web page for details.

       My own EM Signal type precursor data related to that earthquake can be seen through an examination of the “Year Charts for the years 2001 through 2015” chart displayed on the Data.html Web page.

       The chart below taken from that Year Charts file shows strong line peaks around 70 W beginning in late April of 2014 and continuing on until the middle of October, 2014 when they disappeared.  They reappeared in late May of 2015 and continued on until the middle of August, 2015.  At that time they shifted to around 120 E.


       As stated in the Multiple Earthquake Precursors Data Evaluation Forecasting Method section of this Web page, I believe that those data generally agree with precursor data that other people were circulating back in 2014 and 2015.

        The reasons that the line peaks like the ones at 70 W appear and then disappear for a while and then appear again are complex.  Theories for that are discussed in detail in the Line Peak Appearance And Disappearance section of this Web page.  One of the reasons is that my computer programs amplify the strongest signals detected during a Time Window so that they are full scale on the chart.  So if an approaching earthquake is generating signals that have an intensity of 10 and another earthquake starts generating signals that have an intensity of 100, the 10 intensity ones will temporarily disappear from the chart.

       Most earthquake researchers probably believe that precursors are being generated and detected for the most part, only during the weeks and months before an earthquake occurs.  But in the case of that Chile earthquake, strong precursor signals were apparently being generated on and off for about a year and a half before it finally occurred.  And it appeared to me that they had everyone confused including me.  The line peaks kept appearing around 70 W.  And there was never any earthquake to explain them.  I thought that something might have gone wrong with my forecasting program.

       My data also indicate to me that EM precursor signals were being generated for about nine months before the extremely powerful 2011 Japan earthquake.

2011/03/11 05:46:24 38.30N 142.34E  32 9.0 Near The East Coast of Honshu, Japan

       Those Japan earthquake related signals were quite different than the ones that I normally use for my earthquake forecasts.  And at that time it was not possible for me to determine that the Japan earthquake was approaching.

       Those same types of signals were also generated for perhaps a month or more before the following two recent destructive Japan area earthquakes.

2016/04/15 16:25:06 32.78N 130.73E  10 7.0 1km WSW of Kumamoto-shi, Japan
2016/04/14 12:26:36 32.85N 130.63E  10 6.2 7km SW of Ueki, Japan

       The signals continued to be detected after the first of those earthquakes occurred.  And they abruptly stopped after the second one.

       Three points can be made at this time:

1.  Quite often, various expected earthquake precursors are apparently not being generated at all before some earthquakes occur.

2.  In other cases the precursors might be generated on and off for more than a year before the earthquake occurrence time.

3.  Which earthquake precursors will be generated before which earthquakes and for how long they will be generated beforehand appears to me to be highly dependent on a variety of factors including probably, the fault zone location and its environment, and the occurrence of solar and geomagnetic storms.

       In summary, many earthquake precursors appear to frequently be deceptive and unreliable.  And it can be difficult to generate high accuracy forecasts when the precursors being evaluated are so deceptive.  That is one of the main reasons for using the Multiple Earthquake Precursors Data Evaluation Forecasting Method when earthquake forecasts are being prepared.

Question:  If, as this Web page explains, "Earthquakes CAN be predicted," then why aren't governments predicting them?

       The reasons that governments and nongovernmental organizations cannot presently forecast earthquakes might presently be the most important subject related to earthquake forecasting.  This section of this Web page has been included here because before a problem like that can be fixed, people first need to recognize the fact that the problem does in fact exist and also understand why it exists.

       The Special Interest Groups Web page contains a detailed discussion of some of the reasons that governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are not doing numerous things that they should be doing such as forecasting earthquakes, and other things that people would like them to be doing.  However, the science of Earthquake Forecasting has a few special problems of its own.  Several are discussed in this section of this Web page.

       For many centuries earthquake forecasters had to work with earthquake precursor data and other types of data that were of questionable value.  But in the past few years earthquake researchers around the world have demonstrated that quite a few high quality earthquake precursor data are now available.  And so that "lack of reliable data" problem is no longer the primary one holding back the science of earthquake forecasting.  Three other problems are now at the forefront of this science.  And there are probably some others not listed here.

Problem # 1  -  The Elusive And Deceptive Nature Of Earthquake Precursors

       One of the major problems with earthquake forecasting is the fact that, as the Elusive And Deceptive Nature Of Earthquake Precursors section of this Web pages explains, even though there are quite a few different types of high quality earthquake precursor data available, many of them can still be misleading.  And since many earthquake forecasts are based on various earthquake precursors, if the precursor data themselves cannot be trusted, any earthquake forecasts based on them cannot be trusted.

       The primary goal with forecasting earthquakes is to let people and government agencies know that a significant earthquake could be approaching so that they can take necessary protective measures such as:

---  Getting out of and staying out of structurally unsound building

---  Shutting down electric power and fuel lines so that unstoppable fires
        don't get started when an earthquake occurs

---  Stocking up on emergency supplies beforehand such as food, water,
        flashlights, bandages and medicine, tents and sleeping bags

       Additionally, when a significant earthquake is expected, government agencies could have the extremely serious responsibility of evacuating an entire city. So, they would  need to know how likely it is that an expected earthquake will actually occur at some location during a given period of time.

       When an earthquake is forecast, the person or group doing the forecast needs to provide expected forecast accuracy and reliability information along with location, time window, and magnitude information.  The general public might not be able to tell the difference between a 99%, a 9.9%, and a 0.99% chance that an earthquake is going to occur.  But government scientists would understand that type of information.  Yet, it has been my experience that when earthquake forecasters around the world circulate their forecasts, they rarely if ever include data regarding the expected accuracy and reliability of the forecast even though they might be aware that they are basing their forecast on elusive and deceptive precursor data.
       The Multiple Earthquake Precursors Data Evaluation Forecasting Method can probably often be used to deal with elusive and deceptive earthquake precursors.  But, earthquake forecasters should also use some common sense, logic, and discretion when they circulate their forecasts.

---  Forecasters need to make certain that they have a good understanding of the reliability of their precursor data.

       Then they can include important accuracy and reliability information with their forecasts.

---  Forecasters need to determine who will be seeing their forecast before they circulate it, and then make the necessary adjustments to the style and content of the forecast.

       For example, certain types of forecast data can be circulated to the general public without causing problems.  When forecast data are exchanged by private E-mail between scientists it is usually safe to speak freely and include a wide variety of data.  With those communications between scientists it is not so important that forecast accuracy and reliability information be included.

       Many years ago, before I began circulating earthquake forecast information in public forums I first got a legal opinion from a Civil Rights attorney regarding predicting earthquakes in the United States.  He stated that in the United States, earthquake forecasts are "Protected Speech" under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  That means that earthquake forecasts can be legally made, circulated, and discussed in public.

       That is apparently not the case in some other countries where people cannot legally discuss earthquake forecasts in public.  Also, in some parts of the United States it apparently necessary to have legal permission before you can sell earthquake forecasting data.

Problem # 2  -  A Lack Of Communications Resources

       Within some government there might be communications channels that make it possible for government researchers to share earthquake forecasting information with one another.  But those resources do not appear to exist for the general public.  Nor do they exist for independent researchers and groups of researchers.  The researchers and forecasters have to rely on E-mail notes and messages posted to Web sites in order to communicate with one another.

       That “Lack of Communications Resources” problem can make it difficult or even impossible for earthquake forecasting researchers to efficiently and effectively share data with one another.

       My own repeated efforts over the years to create Internet bulletin boards, forums, or blogs that would make it possible for earthquake forecasting researchers to more effectively share their forecast data with one another have been largely unsuccessful.

       No one, anywhere appears to have the time, interest, or communications skills needed to create an effective Internet-based communications resource that would have all of the options needed by the earthquake researchers around the world.

Problem # 3  -  Chronic Lacks Of Leadership And Positive Actions

       For a very long time, many government officials and people in the international scientific community have insisted that:  "Earthquakes Can't Be Predicted.  And it is not going to be possible to predict them at any time in the foreseeable future."

       One of the main reasons that so many scientists and news service around the world keep insisting that that is the case is because they are often more afraid of the earthquake forecasts than they are of the powerful and destructive earthquakes!

       Scientists can be so afraid of making a prediction, having it fail, and then being criticized by their government agency employers or their colleagues that they can go and generally have gone into a state of paralysis!  And that has created an atmosphere where it can be extremely difficult to make any progress.

       The scientists also don't appear to understand that it with a little time and effort, it is actually possible to learn learn how to discuss controversial subjects such as earthquake forecasting in public without getting the general public and government officials upset.

        My own first formal Earthquake Warning was sent to U.S. Government personnel on December 30, 1994, several weeks before the devastating January 16, 1995 Kobe, Japan earthquake.  And I have circulated quite a few other Earthquake Warnings and Advisories in public any by private E-mail notes.  As far as I am aware, none of them ever resulted in the general public getting upset because I was careful regarding exactly what types of information were included in the warnings and advisories circulated to different groups.

       An unfortunate outcome of the insistence of so many that "Earthquakes Can't Be Predicted" is the fact that the attitude of many people is, "Why waste time and money on trying to do something that 'everyone' agrees is impossible?"

       Fortunately that "impossible goal" type of attitude is not shared by all members of the international scientific community.  Not "everyone" believes that efforts to learn how to forecast earthquakes are a waste of time and money.

       In spite of the fact that a powerful and unexpected earthquake occurring at any number of locations in the United States could result in tremendous number of fatalities and hundreds of billions of dollars worth of damage, as far as I am aware, there is not even one scientist working for the U.S. Government who is responsible for looking around on the Internet etc. to see if anyone, anywhere, is making any progress with forecasting earthquakes.

       It is my opinion that many of the problems holding back the science of forecasting earthquakes are associated with international scientific community-related earthquake forecasting politics.

EARTHQUAKE  FORECASTING  MYTHS,  AND  FREQUENTLY
QUOTED  BUT  DANGEROUSLY  INACCURATE  BELIEFS

MYTH # 1  -  Earthquakes Can't Be Predicted

        As stated in another section of this Web page, it is relatively easy for any earthquake forecaster or forecasting group to prove that "Earthquakes CAN Be Predicted."  All he, she, or they need to do is generate one verifiable, accurate earthquake forecast.  And many verifiable, accurate forecasts have been generated over the years.

       On the other hand, both in theory and reality, it is virtually impossible for anyone to accurately state that "Earthquakes Can't Be Predicted."  In order to do that he or would first need to do a detailed analyses of each and every one of the many earthquake forecasting technologies that have been developed over the years and prove that not one of them has ever been used to generate a single, accurate earthquake forecast.

MYTH # 2  -  No One Has Ever Predicted An Earthquake

        The Proof That Earthquakes Can Be And Are Being Predicted section of this Web page briefly discusses a number of past accurate earthquake predictions.  Those forecasts clearly show that Myth # 2 is in reality nothing but an excuse that some scientists and government officials propagate largely because they feel that it provides them with an acceptable reason for not spending any time and energy on trying to learn how to predict earthquakes.

MYTH # 3  -  Every Worthwhile Earthquake Forecast Must Contain Accurate Time Window, Location, And Magnitude Information

       That dangerous claim is not only an inaccurate and misleading one, but one that has likely resulted in the unnecessary loss of many lives to earthquakes over the years.  It is often used as an excuse to justify ignoring valuable, but supposedly "incomplete" earthquake forecasting data.

       In reality, Any accurate and reliable earthquake forecasting information can be invaluable.  It can be used as a starting point for generating a complete forecast that does contain Time Window, Location, and Magnitude information.

For several examples:

---   If it is known from precursor data or fault zone strain data that a powerful earthquake is likely to occur within some reasonable period of time such as during the next month, a global search can be made for other precursor data that can indicate where the expected earthquake is going to occur.

---  If the location of an expected earthquake is known, forecasters can begin monitoring that area for additional precursors that will indicate when the earthquake is going to occur.

       As explained in the Forecasting Earthquake Aftershocks section of this Web page, significant aftershocks for powerful earthquakes are especially easy to predict because the locations of the aftershocks are already accurately known.  It is only necessary to watch those areas for precursors that will indicate when the significant aftershocks are getting ready to occur.

        Earthquake triggering processes appear to be highly complex.  The following sections of this Web page are intended to simply provide introductory discussions of a number of earthquake triggering processes-related topics.


       As stated above, there are probably quite a few scientists who believe that earthquake occurrence times are totally random events.  They feel that earthquakes occur only when there is sufficient fault zone strain buildup to finally cause the fault zone rock layers to abruptly fracture.  They believe that there are no actual Earthquake Triggering mechanisms.

       That opinion is incorrect!

       My own data such as ones associated with two destructive 1999 Turkey Earthquakes, and other people's data clearly show that powerful earthquakes are often being triggered by forces related to the gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon on the Earth.

       Those forces add enough additional strain to a fault zone over a short period of time that it causes an earthquake that is getting ready to occur anyway to be triggered at a specific time.  And my data indicate to me that that triggering time can be accurate to perhaps plus or minus 5 minutes within a 6.25 hour period of time.

       The drawing below shows how forces related to the gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon on the Earth's crust such as the Tide Generating Force are probably triggering a good percentage of our earthquakes.

       A fault zone running east and west (EW) could fracture when the gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon pull it towards the north and the south at the same time.  And a fault zone running north and south (NS) might fracture when the gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon pull it towards the east and the west at the same time.



       With the Three Window Viewer below, and the charts below the viewer, the longitude of a line peak on a given earthquake line indicates that my computer programs determined that that particular earthquake was triggered by sun and moon gravity-related forces that were similar to the sun and moon gravity-related forces that triggered earthquakes that occurred in the past at the longitude of the line peak.

       These types of charts are easy to generate for powerful or destructive earthquakes.  And the charts can be helpful for comparing powerful and/or destructive earthquakes with their foreshocks and aftershocks in order to determine if any of them were triggered by similar combinations of sun and moon gravity-related forces.

       It takes a while to develop an understanding of the data on the charts.  But just as tree ring records and ocean bottom core samples can be studied for clues regarding what has taken place in the past, these charts can provide valuable information regarding earthquake triggering processes and also certain types of earthquake precursors.

       At the present time these chart data can only be generated by the computer programs that I myself have developed (with the assistance of a retired computer programmer).  They are not available from any other source.  The programs themselves and the basic program code are available through my Web sites.  And they are free for researchers and organizations around the world to use.

       To use the viewer below, move the earthquakes in the upper windows up and down until one of them, such as the destructive March 11, 2011 Japan earthquake is visible in the window.  Then move the earthquakes in the second windows up and down so that you can compare one of those earthquakes with the one in the upper window.  The bottom window can be used in the same way and might also be helpful.


       As shown in the chart below, the extremely powerful and destructive March 11, 2011 Japan earthquake line has a strong line peak around 142 E, the same longitude as the earthquake.  That likely indicates that it was triggered by sun and moon gravity forces that were typical for past earthquakes that occurred around the 142 E longitude line.

       In contrast, the March 9, 2011 7.3 magnitude Japan are earthquake and the April 7, 2011 7.0 magnitude Japan area earthquake have line peaks at different longitudes than where they occurred.  That means that they may have been triggered by sun and moon gravity-related forces that were not as common for earthquakes that occurred at their longitude, 142 E and 143 E.

       However, the 6.0 and 6.2 magnitude March 9, 2011 Japan area earthquakes do look like they were probably triggered by the same sun and moon gravity-related forces as the destructive March 11 Japan earthquake.


       The chart below shows line peak information for the two destructive April and May, 2015 Nepal earthquakes plus similar data for several high intensity EM Signals.

       After seeing those EM Signal data, on May 8, 2015 I circulated a warning for a possible approaching powerful aftershock in Nepal.  And it appears that the expected potentially destructive aftershock occurred four days later, on May 12, 2015.

       The first two EM Signals (line #s 3 and 4) matched the first Nepal earthquake.  The third signal (line # 2) matched the approaching aftershock.


        The chart below compares a number of Nepal area earthquakes that occurred during 2013 through part of 2015 with quite a few high intensity EM Signals that were detected during early 2015.

       The red rectangles on the chart highlight the first destructive 2015 Nepal earthquake and two EM Signals that were detected after it occurred that matched the earthquake.  A Nepal aftershock warning that I circulated on May 8, 2015 was based in part on those two EM Signals.

       The chart also enables Web page visitors to see the large number of high intensity EM signals were being detected around that time.  It is unusual to have so many signals detected like that for one month after another.


       The chart below is my Year Chart for the year 2015.  It displays averaged records of EM Signals detected during 90 day periods of time that are offset 10 days from one another, along with significant earthquakes.  The latest Year Charts can be seen on my Data.html Web page.

       The second orange line on the chart at around 160 E shows that prior to both of the destructive 2015 Nepal earthquakes there was a consistent pattern of line peaks that indicated that a significant earthquake might be about to occur somewhere.  Unfortunately, the longitudes of those types of line peaks match the actual longitudes of the earthquakes the EM Signals are associated with only part of the time.

       The top, or first, orange line on the chart at around 75 W shows that after the second destructive Nepal earthquake occurred, the longitude of one of the line peaks abruptly changed.  I believe that such an abrupt change in line peak longitudes following the second earthquake clearly indicates that EM Signals that were being detected around that time were pointing to the approach of one or both of those destructive Nepal earthquakes.


        The Sun - Earth - Moon Angle values for data discussed in this section of this Web page were generated by a computer program created by a retired professional computer programmer and myself.  Free downloadable copies of that computer program can be found at the following Web page address:

http://www.earthquake-research.com/rh/SunGP.html

       The Gravity Point explanation on that Web page needs to be updated.  I don't recall if the computer program version available through that Web page has been updated so that the sun - Earth and moon - Earth distances are included in the Gravity Point calculations.  However, they were included in all of the data displayed on this present Web page.

        The drawing below shows what the Sun - Earth - Moon Angle being discussed here represents.


Sun - Earth - Moon Angle  -  In the discussions in this section of this Web page it is defined as the angle formed by lines drawn between the centers of the sun and the Earth, and the moon and the Earth.  Only the longitudes of the Subsolar and Sublunar Points are considered when those lines are drawn.

        If an observer in outer space were studying the Sun - Earth - Moon Angle then he or she could do that most easily at locations directly above either the North Pole or the South Pole.

       And so, in the above drawing, the illustration on the left shows a Sun - Earth - Moon Angle value of + 45 degrees.  The one in the center has a value of - 90 degrees.  And the one on the right has a value of + 135 degrees.

       Calculating the Sun - Earth - Moon Angle while ignoring latitudes is important because the sun can be above 0 degrees longitude and + 10 degrees latitude while the moon is above 0 degrees longitude and - 10 degrees latitude.  If latitudes are ignored then the Sun - Earth - Moon Angle value in that case would be 0 degrees.  If latitudes were taken into account as well as longitude then the Sun - Earth - Moon Angle value would be 20 degrees.  And my earthquake forecasting computer programs would not work with values that included the latitude.

The Sun And Moon Are On The Same Side As, Or On The Opposite Side Of The Earth  -  If a plane (or disk) is drawn through the center of the Earth, and that plane is perpendicular to a line drawn between the centers of the sun and the Earth, then if the moon is on the same side of that plane as the sun (as with the + 90 degree illustration in the drawing above), then with all of these discussions the moon is regarded as being on the same side of the Earth as the sun.

       If the moon is on the other side of that plane as with the + 135 degree illustration above then the moon is regarded as being on the opposite side of the Earth as the sun.

       Subsolar and Sublunar Point latitudes likely have some importance for earthquake triggering process.  But they do not appear to me to be anywhere near as important as Subsolar and Sublunar Point longitudes.  And so, only longitudes being are considered in these discussions.

       Data presented in this section of this Web page will show that it appears that:

---  More than 50% of the time, 7.5 and higher magnitude earthquakes are being triggered by forces associated with the gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon on the Earth.

---  That sun and moon gravity-related earthquake triggering effect is easier to see when only 7.9 and higher magnitude earthquakes are evaluated.

---  That triggering effect is even easier to see than that when only 8.2 and higher magnitude earthquakes are evaluated.

---  With earthquakes that had 8.4 and higher magnitudes and also with ones below 7.5 magnitude, that sun and moon gravity-related earthquake triggering effect is not clearly observed in the data being presented here.

         In my opinion, the data being presented here probably represent the simplest test for sun and moon gravity-related earthquake triggering effects that anyone could run.  Actual earthquake triggering process are more complex.  But these data clearly demonstrate that those triggering effects exist and that they can be observed, measured, and studied.

       My earthquake database file presently contains data for about 110,000 five and higher magnitude earthquakes that occurred from the beginning of 1973 to the present.  And in one variation of that file the earthquakes have been sorted by magnitude with the highest magnitude ones at the top of the file.

       Sun - Earth - Moon Angle values (longitude only) were calculated for all of the high magnitude earthquakes.  And they were divided into the two groups.  The actual location of the earthquake was not considered with either group, only the value of the Sun - Earth - Moon angle when the earthquake occurred.

First Group - The Same Side Of The Earth  -  As explained in the earlier discussion, the first group consisted of earthquakes that had Sun - Earth - Moon Angle values in the range - 90 to + 90 degrees.  And so, with those earthquakes the sun and the moon were on the same side of the Earth when the earthquake occurred.

Second Group - The Opposite Side Of The Earth  -  The second group consisted of earthquakes that had Sun - Earth - Moon Angle values in the range + 90 to 180 degrees, and 180 to - 90 degrees.  And so, with those earthquakes the sun and the moon were on opposite sides of the Earth when the earthquake occurred.

       With the five charts shown below, a vertical scale (Y axis) value of 50 or more at a specific magnitude value means that more than 50% of the earthquakes having that magnitude and higher magnitudes occurred when the Sun - Earth - Moon Angle value was in the range - 90 to + 90 degrees.  The greater the distance above 50, the greater the percentage of earthquakes that were in that angle range.

       The number of earthquakes used in the calculations can be seen from the chart's X axis.

       In the first chart below, earthquakes in the 7.8 to 9.0 magnitude range are displayed.  And as can be seen by the vertical line values that are mostly above 50, the majority of these high magnitude earthquakes were triggered when the sun and moon were on the same side of the Earth.  So the combined gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon on the Earth's crust would have been strongest at the time of the earthquake.

       Remember, the actual location of the earthquake is not being considered here.

       Earthquakes in the 8.4 magnitude and higher ranger did not display that clear earthquake triggering trend.  There were probably too few of them to provide a meaningful sample.


       The chart below shows that most 7.5 magnitude and higher earthquakes also tended to occur when the Sun - Earth - Moon Angle values was in the - 90 to + 90 degree range.  The sun and the moon were on the same side of the Earth when the earthquake occurred.


       The chart below shows that this earthquake triggering trend largely disappears when all earthquakes having 7.2 and higher magnitudes are considered.  Roughly equal numbers occurred when the Sun - Earth - Moon Angle was in the - 90 to + 90 degree range as occurred when it was not in that range - that is - when the sun and moon were on opposite sides of the Earth.


       The two charts below for 7.0 and 6.0 and higher earthquakes show that an observable earthquake triggering effect continues to not be observed as lower and lower magnitude earthquakes are studied.




       The extremely simple studies displayed above clearly show that sun and moon gravity-related earthquake triggering effects can be observed when higher magnitude earthquakes are examined.  More complex studies such as the one associated with the chart below also show that these types of triggering effects can be observed with many earthquakes having 7.5 and lower magnitudes.

       With the chart below, the similar locations of the line peaks for the two destructive Turkey earthquakes and one EM Signal indicate that they were all controlled by the same combinations of forces associated with the gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon.  And the 7.2 magnitude aftershock is well outside the 7.5 and higher magnitude range in the above charts where sun and moon gravity-related earthquake triggering effects can be easily seen.


---  Various time windows or time cycles often control the times when earthquake triggering forces have their maximum and minimum values.

---  The actual earthquake occurrence time window is often finally determined by strain that is temporarily or permanently added to the fault zone by forces or phenomena that are directly and/or indirectly associated with the gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon.  Some of those phenomena would be ocean tides and the Solid Earth Tide.

---  Sun and moon gravity-related forces and phenomena can reach high and low strength points in a number of different time cycles that exist at the same time.  Several of the most important cycles are multiples of roughly 6.25 hours in length (including 24 hours and 50 minutes) and multiples of about 7 days in length (including 28 days).

       The picture chart below shows how important, accurate, and repeatable various earthquake triggering processes can be during these time cycles.

       As the Line #s 1 and 2 line peak longitudes on the right side of the chart show, my computer programs indicate that both of those highly destructive Turkey area earthquakes were triggered at virtually the same points in one of the 6.25 hour time cycles in spite of the fact that the earthquakes occurred three months apart from one another.

       Line #s 3, 4, 2, 5, and 6 show how different those line peak shapes would look compared with one another if the second earthquake had occurred as little as 15 minutes earlier or later than it did.


---  As stated earlier, a number of time cycles having the same time length can be active at a given time.  For example, one 6.25 hour cycle may be controlled by the position of the moon in the sky while at the same time another 6.25 hour cycle is controlled by the locations of ocean tide crests and troughs.

---  Which time cycles will control earthquake occurrence times in a given fault zone system, is strongly related to how forces and phenomena related to the time cycles cause different rock layer sections in the fault zone system to be bent, stretched, or compressed in relation to one another. Another way of saying that is to state that what might be described as time cycle-controlled Pressure Waves within the Earth's crust are actually triggering many earthquakes.

---  It has been proposed by at least one researcher that in most cases earthquake occurrence times are linked with points of high and low strain in the time cycles while a smaller percentage of earthquake occurrence times are linked with the times when time cycle-related earthquake triggering forces are experiencing their most rapid change in strength.

---  Powerful aftershocks are often controlled by the same sun and moon gravity-related forces and time cycles as the original powerful earthquake.

---  External forces or phenomena such as ocean and atmospheric tides, atmospheric storm-related wind drag on continents, and fault zone rock layer heating associated with solar and geomagnetic storms etc. can temporarily or permanently add or subtract sufficient amounts of strain energy to or from the fault zone to move an earthquake occurrence time forward, and at times probably backwards, hours, days, or weeks in time.

---  Forces or phenomena such as shockwaves from powerful earthquakes occurring around the world and perhaps nuclear tests can produce permanent instabilities in a fault zone and move the earthquake occurrence time forward or backwards days, weeks, months, decades, or perhaps even centuries in time.

---  When different forces or phenomena move an earthquake's occurrence time forward or backwards in time from when it would have ordinarily occurred, that occurrence time can shift to another distinct time window that is controlled by sun and moon gravity-related forces.  Shift like that often do not involve arbitrary amounts of time.

       It is likely universally accepted by the international scientific community that powerful earthquakes involve the sudden and at times catastrophic release of accumulated strain energy that has been stored for years, decades, or even tens of thousands of years in the rock layers of earthquake fault zones.  The rock layers abruptly fracture and send different types of powerful shockwaves in all directions.

       My own data and data collected by other researchers clearly show that the occurrence times of many of our powerful earthquakes and their aftershocks are not simply random events.  The earthquakes are often triggered, sometimes repeatedly, by certain combinations of sun and moon gravity-related forces that can bend, twist, stretch, and compress earthquake fault zones via Solid Earth Tide and perhaps ocean tide-related forces etc.

       There also appears to me and other researchers to be clear evidence that and/or geomagnetic storms can somehow affect fault zones so that earthquakes occur in them months and perhaps even years before they might have if the storms did not occur when they did.

       The June, 2016 issue of the NCGT journal reports that significant percentages of our powerful earthquakes occur after strong solar events are observed.

http://www.ncgtjournal.com/  June Issue

       My own theories also propose that in some case those solar events or storms can probably actually delay the onset of an earthquake.

Question:  How do solar and geomagnetic storms “trigger” earthquakes and cause them to occur before they would if there had not been a storm?

One Proposed Answer:  The only theory that I have seen discussed to explain this proposes that the solar and geomagnetic storms send electric energy through the fault zones after the storm energy enters the Earth’s crust.  That electric current then causes heating in the fault zone rock layers.  And the heating causes the already stressed rock layers to perhaps expand and then fracture.

       In connection with that theory I myself would propose that when electric energy is present in the fault zone it might be altering the chemistry of the rock layers resulting in their weakening to the point where they are more inclined to fracture under the accumulated stress.

       I don’t know if anyone else has proposed that chemistry change theory.

       There are several other theories related to solar and geomagnetic storm induced earthquake triggering that I have formulated.  They should be easy to check.  And I have been asking other researchers around the world if any of them would like to check those theories and perhaps publish a technical paper on the subject matter.

       If no one ever accepts that offer I will probably just eventually list those theories in this section of this Web page.

       Theories have been proposed that at times when an earthquake fault zone is getting ready to fracture, shockwaves from powerful earthquakes or underground nuclear tests can jar the fault zone and cause the approaching earthquake to occur perhaps weeks, months, or even decades before it would otherwise have occurred.  If that does in fact happen, then it is possible that nuclear tests conducted during the last century might have helped keep approaching earthquakes from having much higher magnitudes.  They were "forced" to occur (triggered) at points in time when the fault zones had only limited amounts of energy stored in them.

       There are good records of when nuclear tests were conducted during the past century and when powerful earthquakes occurred.  And it would probably be fairly easy to determine if some earthquakes are or were in fact being triggered by earthquake or nuclear test-related shockwaves.

       There are some scientists who believe that the alignment of our solar system's planets can have an impact on earthquake triggering times.  I myself did not think that planetary position-related earthquake triggering effects would likely exist until recently when I came across a paper that was published several years ago.  Information from that publication combined with my own data and theories now indicate to me that the alignment of the planets might in fact have an effect on some earthquake triggering times.  However, those effects probably do not involve other planets' gravities directly influencing ocean tides and the Solid Earth Tide.  My theories propose that something else is taking place.

       Efforts are presently underway to determine if any physics and/or earthquake experts would like to compare notes regarding this subject matter for a possible publication.

       In early July of 2016 another earthquake researcher (charking@viser.net) circulated information related to earthquake precursors being detected in association with GRBs.

       A GRB is an intense burst of high energy gamma rays (relativistic photons) that are believed to have their origins in distant galaxies.  Astronomers have proposed that GRBs can be generated when a massive star collapses and it becomes a black hole.  The gamma ray beams are so highly focused that they can travel for billions of years in space and still have a strong impact on orbiting satellites and on the Earth when the GRB photons hit the atmosphere.

       Considering that information, a logical question would be:

       If solar storms can affect earthquake triggering times, it that also true for the gamma ray bursts?

       I am not aware of anyone ever asking that question.  The answer could probably be determined by observation and/or by calculating how much energy hitting the Earth is associated with the GRBs compared with the energy associated with solar storms.  The GRBs might involve much less energy.

       Determining exactly how earthquakes are being triggered is in my opinion such an important and complex matter that I am proposing to people that an international Earthquake Triggering Processes-related research group should be established to focus on those triggering process.  A nonprofit foundation could even be established that would support this effort.

       Members of that research group could be both professional and amateur researchers.  They would attempt to create a giant computer program that would rely on equations that would contain information regarding the importance of the many, many different forces or phenomena that are important to earthquake triggering processes.

       For several examples, those equations would show the importance of sun and moon gravity effects and fault zone environmental effects.  The fault zone environmental effects would include fault zone depth, latitude and longitude, and orientation.  The orientation effects would include information related to the fault zone's running in a north and south direction or in an east and west direction, and information related to whether the fault zone involved tectonic plates that were attempting to slip sideways past one another or ones that were pressing against one another.
       This section of this Web page has been added to explain how governments and researchers could develop a resource that would help them with their responses to natural disasters such as floods, tornadoes, and earthquakes.

Summary  -  Specially designed mirrors could be sent to and then tested by crewmembers of the International Space Station.  Those research and development-related mirrors would be used to reflect sunlight down to areas on the surface of the Earth that were in darkness.

       The mirror systems would eventually have a sufficiently advanced design that a decision could be made to begin sending enormous mirrors having designs like that into Earth orbit.  Those much larger mirrors would then be used to reflect sunlight to disaster-affected areas on the Earth’s surface.

       After major disasters such as floods, tornadoes, and earthquakes, disaster mitigation workers need to have light available so that they can locate and rescue people and start repairs on critically important structures such as hospitals and airports etc.

       During daylight hours, having enough sunlight to locate disaster survivors is usually not a problem.  But at night, rescue workers would need to get illumination from artificial sources such as floodlights, flashlights, and flares.  Unfortunately, quite often after a major disaster there is not enough light or even any light available.  As a consequence, rescue workers could and undoubtedly have on many occasions simply walked past an injured and unconscious person because there was no way for them to determine that the injured person was there.

       Efforts have been made over the years to put giant mirrors into orbit around the Earth to see if they could used to generate sufficient illumination to make rescue work possible.  But as far as I am aware, none of those efforts has ever been successful.  In one such effort that I myself heard about the rocket being used to launch the mirror exploded not too long after liftoff.

       Small, relatively inexpensive mirrors could be sent to the International Space Station to be tested by its crewmembers.  Space Station workers could attach the mirrors to the space station framework and then run tests on the mirrors or let controllers on the ground test them using remote control.  Light sensors on the ground would be used to determine which mirror designs worked the best.

       When it was determined that some mirror system design met the necessary efficiency and expense requirements, large versions of the mirrors could be launched into permanent Earth orbit.

       Normally those orbiting mirrors would be aligned so that they would not be reflecting sunlight to the surface of the Earth.  When a disaster occurred, workers on the ground would send radio signals to the mirrors that would cause them to change their orientation in space so that light would be reflected to disaster areas where it was needed.

       People who have taken high school or college physics could probably easily determine that when sunlight is reflected from far out in space towards the surface of the Earth, what results is an image of the sun that is focused on the Earth’s surface.  And that image can be hundreds of kilometers or miles in diameter.  So, a single large mirror could not be used to focus enough sunlight on any Earth surface area to be especially useful.  Large numbers of orbiting mirrors would need to be used for that.

       Those mirror systems would generate sufficient light for disaster mitigation workers except in cases where there were dense, dark clouds in some area.  Enough light would likely make it through other types of clouds.

       There are any number of designs for Earth-orbiting systems and other types of systems that could generate and focus or reflect light to areas where disasters have occurred.  For example, large drone aircraft equipped with high intensity LED lights might work.  But, it is possible that Earth-orbiting mirrors would provide the most practical, most easily developed, and most cost-effective system.  And even if other types of lighting systems such as drones equipped with LED lights are considered for development, efforts should still get started as quickly as possible on the creation of and testing of International Space Station-related reflecting mirrors.

Summary  -  This section of this Web page proposes that an earthquake-related, relatively small nonprofit foundation should be created as soon as possible.  Foundation personnel would keep track of and attempt to accelerate international efforts to deal with the dangers associated with powerful earthquakes. 

Question  -  Can earthquakes be predicted?

Answer  -  The answer to that question can be "Yes" or "No" depending on how you look at it.

       As stated repeatedly in different sections of this Web page, there is plenty of evidence that earthquakes can be predicted with already existing earthquake forecasting technologies.  But in spite of that and the fact that it is critically important to develop effective earthquake forecasting programs, relatively little is getting done along those lines.

       This proposed nonprofit foundation might have perhaps three to five full-time administrative, research, and support personnel with a budget of perhaps $300,000 to $500,000 per year.

---  The nonprofit foundation would not itself do any earthquake forecasting research and development work or attempt to generate any earthquake forecasts.

---  The nonprofit foundation would focus on getting the earthquake destruction-related disaster mitigation efforts of governments, other organizations, and individual researchers around the world better organized and moving forward in a more timely manner.

       Specifically, the nonprofit foundation would collect or generate and then make available at some Internet Web site:

---  There would be recommendations for what governments, organizations, and individuals around the world could do to more effectively predict earthquakes, prepare for them, survive them, assist injured and homeless people after an earthquake, and help with efforts to rebuild residences, businesses, and entire cities after a destructive earthquake has occurred.

---  There would be information regarding the following types of earthquake-related disaster mitigation efforts being made by governments, organizations, and individuals around the world.

-----  Discussions of existing earthquake forecasting technologies

-----  Discussions of efforts to improve existing earthquake forecasting technologies

-----  Discussions of efforts to develop new earthquake forecasting technologies

-----  Discussions of existing disaster response capabilities

-----  Discussions of efforts to develop more effective disaster response capabilities

-----  Discussions of how to build or modify buildings, bridges, and utilities such as water, gas, and electricity lines so that they will remain standing or remain operational during an earthquake

-----  Discussion of efforts to develop more earthquake damage-resistant buildings and bridges etc.

-----  Information regarding disaster relief organizations that people around the world could donate money and food to when destructive earthquakes occur


       There have been numerous attempts over the years to create organizations capable of doing the types of things listed above.  However it has been my personal observation and experience that with virtually all of those efforts that I myself have ever heard about, people gradually lost interest in the efforts and they failed for lack of support.  Or, some person or some group of people objected to the efforts.  And the people making the efforts were then unable or unwilling to deal with that opposition.

General Question  -  Would YOU have the necessary qualifications to create and run this proposed nonprofit foundation?

Specific Question # 1  -  Did you understand any of the theories and data on this Web page?

Specific Question # 2  -  Do you feel that the information on this Web page provided clear evidence that "Earthquakes Can Be Predicted?"

Specific Question # 3  -  Do you feel that the information on this Web page has clearly demonstrated that some organization needs to be created that would enable us to get the science of earthquake forecasting better organized and moving forward in a more rapid manner?

        If your answer to any of the above questions is "No" then it is my personal opinion that you would probably not have the right type of background and interests to be able to create and run this proposed, relatively small earthquake disaster mitigation-related nonprofit foundation.

General Question  -  What type of background and interests would a person need to have to be able to run that type of nonprofit foundation?

Proposed Answers

---  He or she would need to be someone who believes that earthquake forecasting data collected from unconventional sources such as psychics, astrologers, earthquake sensitive humans and animals, from the evaluation of planetary alignment data, and from the evaluation of ocean and Earth Tide data might have some value.

       Quite often, scientists are afraid of being criticized or ridiculed by their colleagues for stating that it might be possible to predict earthquakes.  Or they are afraid of being criticized because they feel that unconventional earthquake forecasters such as astrologers should have a chance to have their data considered.  And to avoid any possible criticism and ridicule the scientists limit their own effectiveness to the point where they are unable to make any progress.

---  He or she would need to be someone who believes that doing whatever is necessary and reasonable to keep people from perishing during or after an earthquake is more important than simply making money from running a nonprofit or from running an earthquake forecasting program.

CLOSING  COMMENTS